Gay Teens In High School Essay Research free essay sample

Gay Teens In High School Essay, Research Paper GAY TEENAGERS One homosexual adult male remembers his high school old ages as filled with intense solitariness, fright and self-hatred. Another recalls disbursement every tiffin period in a bathroom stall. A sapphic recollects her bottling up all her emotions and hushing all self-generated gestures, terrified of stating or making anything to bewray her ain secret. Unusual memories? Not at all. Most cheery people, and many of today? s homosexual teens in high school, can depict similar narratives. In most adolescents? lives, they experience a fantastic four old ages of high school ; but cheery adolescents experience something much different. These pupils go through school seeking to suit in and merely be accepted by the society around them. In many instances, there is good that comes from being homosexual and being out ( to declare 1s gender ) in school but the bad things will ever overmaster the good. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Teens In High School Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A survey done in 1995 by the US Department of Health and Human Services showed that homosexual and sapphic young persons are 35 % more likely to travel through with self-destruction. Every twelvemonth that rate gets higher and higher. Now is the clip to look past indifference and see a individual for who that individual is # 8230 ; a human being. In many high schools across the state, there are at least a smattering of childs in each high school that are cheery, sapphic, and/or bisexual but are concealing themselves. In other words, they are playing heterosexual ( moving straight person ) . In an mean high school? about 3 % ? of pupils are really cheery, with? about 1 % ? of those pupils who are out to everyone. ( Hopkins, Gary: www.education-world.com/a_admin/admin087 ) On norm, a high school pupil, homosexual or heterosexual, will hear? anti-gay comments about 25-40 times? in one school twenty-four hours. ( Hopkins, Gary: www.education-world.com/a_admin/admin087 ) Out of all the verbal maltreatment heard, ? 80 % of it is failed to be reported? due to the fact that pupils are non confident with their gender yet. A study done in 1996 on over 8,400 high school pupils by The Safe School Anti-Violence Undertaking reported some interesting statistics. Out of the 8,400 pupils: ? 95 % characterize themselves as heterosexual ; 5 % as homosexual or bisexual, and 4 % as uncertain. ? ( The Safe School Anti-Violence Undertaking of Washington: www.relioustolerance.org/hom_stud ) Among the gay/lesbian/bisexual pupils, ? 34 % has been harassed? due to their? sexual orientation. ? Besides, they were? 3 times more likely to be injured in a battle that necessitating medical attention. ? ( The Safe School Anti-violence Project of Washington: www.religiuotolerance.org/hom_stud ) Furthermore, about? 75 % of pupils reported experiencing insecure? in school and have stated feeling? strongly about suicide. ? ( The Safe School Anti-violence Project of Washington: www.religiuotolerance.org/hom_stud ) When a adolescent realizes for the first clip their gender, they feel it? s highly difficult to state anyone. Gay adolescents feel it? s hard to come out into today? s society, due to the great figure of factors halting them ; homophobia ( irrational fright of homophiles ) is one of the factors. Adolescents have to travel through people that hate them merely because of their sexual orientation. Gay adolescents in high school have to confront homophobic adolescents everyday. In many instances of homophobia, cheery adolescents lose their friends and household. They don? T feel accepted if they do state their household and friends. The overpowering esthesis of forsaking is so great, the adolescent feels that he/she will stop up acquiring kicked out of the house. Or, that his/her friends will no longer desire to be his/her friend any longer. Adolescents wear? Ts cognize how? to experience or respond under these conditions. ? ( Wilson, Terry: Chicago Tribune 25 Mar. 1997 ) This leads to mass? confusion and solitariness? . ( Wilson, Terry: Chicago Tribune 25 Mar. 1997 ) The feeling of rejection is another factor that makes it difficult to come out. Your friends leave you, households disown you, and society looks down upon you. The deficiency of support makes it difficult for cheery young persons to come out. They don? T know whom to swear with this secret. ? The adolescent has no 1 to look up too. ? ( Cloud, John: Timess 8 dec. 1999 82-83 ) The pupil feels they are the lone one in their school and is afraid to come out. ( Cloud, John: Timess 8 Dec. 1999 82-83 ) The deficiencies of support and function theoretical accounts in schools leave many homosexual and sapphic pupils experiencing entirely and ashamed during their adolescence. The high rate of self-destruction among cheery and sapphic pupils is the consequence of a sense of profound isolation and loneliness experienced through high school. ( Lopes, Paula: interview 31 Jan. 2000 ) Many adolescents fear coming out because of the force they have observed. One incident is the Matthew Shepard onslaught. Anti-gay offenses like that leave adolescents experiencing even more fearful of coming out. Even worse the force may come from within their ain places. A 17-year-old adolescent told his parents that he was homosexual. His ain male parent beat him to near decease while the female parent stood by shouting anti-gay slurs at her boy. ( Safe Schools Coalition of Washington State: Jan. 1999 www.safes.org ) If cheery adolescents fear coming out in today? s society, is it society maintaining these adolescents in the closet? Most people teach their childs to hassle homosexual adolescents. These childs grow up in a place where they hear their ain parents? doing anti-gay slurs, more. Two sapphic misss are at a school football game. A few rows up from them are a group of parents shouting out anti-gay comments to the immature misss. Feeling upset they leave. On the manner out a group of immature childs throw nutrient at them and name them names every bit good. ( Safe Schools Coalition of Washington State: Jan. 1999 www.safeschools-wa.org ) Besides, many racialist groups threaten immature adolescents with verbal and/or physical torment. Some racialist groups could be the KKK, different packs, and highly conservative spiritual groups. These people make these adolescents feel ashamed for who they are. There is no safe manner for these adolescents? to research the possibilities? with out acquiring? criticized and physically harmed. ? ( Marcus, Eric 56 ) Gay and sapphic pupils frequently feel unseeable in their ain schools. Their invisibleness is typically reinforced by heterosexism ( everyone should be heterosexual ) in their environment, which causes homosexual and sapphic pupils feel unseeable, unsupported and stray. ( Making Schools Safe for Gay and Lesbian Young person: Report of Mass. Governor? s Commission on Gay and sapphic Youth, 1993 ) Society? s at titude, behaviours and inclinations to render homosexual and sapphic pupils unseeable in the school and within the household. The pupils? feelings of uncomfortableness and isolation are reinforced as their schools further perpetuate the myth of their nonentity. ( Lopes, Paula: interview 31 Jan. 2000 ) The deficiency of cognition of homosexual and sapphic pupils is a major function that society holds on maintaining them in the cupboard. ? Some myths are: All gay people have HIV/AIDS, If you stand following to a homosexual individual you will go homosexual, and Gay people are ever seeking to enroll other people. ? ( Katz, Jonathan 103 ) For the pupils that are out and in high school, we should clap them. These adolescents had the strength to get the better of all of the negative facets, which kept them from coming out. But, we do hold to expression at both sides of coming out excessively ; the positive side and so the negative side. Abuses take many signifiers ; they all hurt. Racial, cultural and sexual slurs are peculiarly opprobrious. Whereas most of us would non let a racialist slur to happen unbridled, we do non ever accord the same criterions to those comments made at the disbursal of sapphic and cheery people. Sometimes such slurs wear? T even acquire recognized as being hurtful and may be considered socially acceptable. Many immature people use footings such as? lezzie? , ? fagot? or? fagot? when mentioning to gay and sapphic people or to people who we Don? T like or esteem. This behaviour attacks the self-pride of a sapphic and cheery young person and Teachs immature people that hatred of homophiles is tolerated by our society. When a adolescent comes out while still in high school, that individual now has a peace of head. ? They no longer hold to contend within themselves. ? ( Cloud, John: Timess 8 Dec 1997 82-83 ) These adolescents now have a topographic point to belong in this brainsick universe. These pupils have a batch of bravery to confront all their frights. A immense load has been lifted off their thorax. They can keep their caput up high and say I? m proud to be gay/lesbian/bisexual. These teens have? accomplished a major undertaking in their life. ? ( Cloud, John: Timess 8 Dec 1997 82-83 ) When the adolescent does come out to his/her parents, and the parents understand, the adolescent has an overpowering feeling of credence. They know their household will be at that place to steer and back up them through midst and thin. These cheery adolescents have the power of apprehension of themselves ; they are now a whole individual. Yet, with good effects there are the bad 1s as good. Many high school pupils walk the halls listening to verbal torment: Hey you Fag! Expression at the Dykes! Stupid fagots! All cheery people should be shot. Those were merely a really short list of some verbal torment. Verbal torment is merely as damaging as physical, sometimes more so. Teachers that hear the verbal torment? fail to describe about 97 % of it. ? ( Hopkins, Gary: www.education-world.com/a_admin/admon087 ) While in school about ? 69 % of all GLBT ( gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender ) crimes? take topographic point. ( Byrd, Richard: www.glccftl.org/library/youthgroup/0598 ) 97 % of all pupils in public high schools report on a regular basis hearing homophobic comments from their equals. ( Making Schools Safe for Gay and Lesbian Young person: Report of Mass. Governor? s Commission on Gay and Lesbian Youth, 1993 ) With verbal torment, physical torment International Relations and Security Network? T far behind. Gay people are three times more likely to be victimized. ( Kuklin, Susan: 71 ) About 15 % of all tribades or bisexual adult females have reported being victimized or raped at least one time in their lives because of their sexual orientation. ( Katz, Jonathan: 23 ) A 16-year-old miss is dating another female. Five male childs from school find out, so they force her into a vacant schoolroom and state her if she doesn? t perform unwritten sex on them they will kill her. They boys name her names and they rip off all her apparels. They start to ravish her 1 at a clip. After they are done ravishing her, they about beat her to decease. Right before they leave, they tell her? Following clip we see you with your girlfriend, you won? t unrecorded to see the following day. ? ( Safe Schools Coalition of Washington State: Jan. 1999 www.safes.org ) In 1995, there were 2,395 studies of physical torment. In 1996, there were 2,529 studies ; that is a 6 % addition within one twelvemonth. ( Byrd, Richard: www.glccftl.org/library/youthgroup/0598 ) The hardest portion of coming out is being accepted ; most times you? re non. You hope that your friends understand you and will assist you through the unsmooth times. They merely turn their dorsums on you. Then you think your household will assist you so. They have excessively ; they? re your flesh and blood. You tell them, they tell you that you are no longer their son/daughter. You have no 1 to accept you now. When stating your household you are gay/lesbian, your ma and dad boot you out of the house. You hold merely been abandoned. ? 26 % of homosexual and tribades young persons are forced to go forth their place because of struggles with their households over their sexual identities. ? ( Remafedi. G: Pediatricss, 79 ) Another negative facet of coming out and non being able to populate in peace is suicide. As declared before, 35 % of homosexual and sapphic young persons are more likely to finish a self-destruction. Gay and sapphic adolescents sometimes can? t handle the isolation and torment so they feel it is best to stop the torment by stoping their lives. ? Gay and sapphic self-destructions makes up approximately 28 % of the self-destruction rate in the US. ? ( The Safe School Anti-Violence Project of Washington: www.relioustolerance.org/hom_stud ) ? In a survey of depression in homosexual and sapphic young persons, research workers found depression work stoppages homosexual youth four to five times more badly than their non-gay peers. ? ( The Safe School Anti-Violence Project of Washington: www.relioustolerance.org/hom_stud ) While depressed adolescents are more likely drink, ? 68 % of homosexual males use intoxicant and 44 % usage other drugs ; 83 % of tribades use intoxicant and 56 % usage other drugs. ? ( Hunter. J. Unpublished research by the Columbia University HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, 1992 ) ? 80 % of tribades, homosexual and bisexual young person study terrible isolation jobs from being depressed. ? ( Hetrick. E.S. : Martin. A.D. , Journal of Homosexuality 14 ( 1/2 ) . 25-43. 1987 ) Gay young persons are more than? five times more likely to jump categories or school because they feel unsafe. ? Marcus, Eric: 19 ) So many pupils have skipped categories to remain off from other schoolmates that verbally hassle them, sometimes repeatedly losing certain categories. In a national survey, ? 28 % of sapphic, homosexual, and bisexual high school pupils were seen to hold dropped out of school because of torment. ? ( Remafedi. G: Pediatricss, 142 )

Macbeth Ideas Essays - Characters In Hamlet, Prince Hamlet, Hamlet

Macbeth Ideas Person's thoughts will differ from their actions, be it the fear of being the same or different from others, the consequences of their actions, or the opinions that others may form about them. People live their lives like drones, always conforming to the rules, afraid to brake away from the norm and do what they know or even feel to be the right thing to do simply because they might cause a ripple in the smooth little lake in which their boat is afloat. Within the Playwright Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Hamlet suffers from such dilemma. Hamlet refuses to act on what he knows to be accurate, always reassuring himself of his lack of action. Hamlet also acts in a manner which some may wish to call lunacy. This is due to the loss in which he has suffered, as well as he is just pretending to fool the people who he is plotting against. Hamlet's father, King Hamlet, was the greatest king Denmark had ever seen. Respected and revered by all with the exception of his brother, Claudius. Claudius had envied his older brother since boyhood, the king living the life that Claudius had always wanted. A wife, a son, and a kingdom were all the holdings possessed by King Hamlet, holdings and possessions that Claudius would soon make his, by the killing of his brother. Though Hamlet feels that his mother's marriage to Claudius was to soon after the death of King Hamlet, he does not suspect Claudius killed king Hamlet until told of a sighting of a ghost by some guards while on watch. Hamlet tells Polonious that he will stand watch that night with them to see if they can see the ghost again. That night Hamlet stands watch with Polonious and the ghost appears before them. The ghost tells Hamlet that he is his father, and of how he was killed. Hamlet is told that while his father lay under the shade of a tree Claudius came to him and poured poison in his ear and caused his death instantaneously not allowing him time to repent of his sins, therefore condemning him to be trapped between the two paranormal worlds. The ghost then tells Hamlet to avenge his death. Though hamlet agrees to kill Claudius he does not kill him forthright. Hamlet hesitates and seems to invalidate every possible moment or opportunity that arises to take the life of Claudius. His reason for his hesitation is not known and one can only guess at what they may be. It could be that he doesn't believe the ghost. He could be afraid of hurting his mother by killing her second husband, or the fact that he is his uncle. What ever the reason is, he doses hesitate, and by doing so causes more pain and suffering for more people than if he would have killed Claudius forthright. The first example noted of such hesitation by Hamlet within the play if found within act three scene three where Hamlet contemplates the extermination of Claudius while he seems to be at prayer. " Now might I do it pat, now he's praying. And..." (P70-71) Within this paragraph Hamlet will eventually state that he cannot kill Claudius due to the fact that to kill him at prayer would only send him to heaven and not eternally damn him to the bowels of hell. Hamlet thinks that if he killed Claudius while he was at prayer and he was sent to heaven that it would be unfair to his father who is eternally trapped between the present and the afterlife. That is at least the reason that is given by Hamlet directly from the text. Though by the reading the entire book you will see a patter of actions and lack of actions that seem to signify that he only acts insane so to disorientate the other people within the story. Yet knowing that his father was murdered, who murdered him, and what Hamlet was asked to do to seek vengeance he feels that he has to constantly reassure himself of his lack of action was right so that he doesn't feel like he is failing his father. Hamlet is mad and plotting and or struggling with the question of what to do about the revenge seeking that he has sworn to tend to for his deceased father. The loss of a father has exiled him into a non-existent state to where neither present world nor the futures that will come are

In the Company of Heroes essays

In the Company of Heroes essays SUBJECT: In the Company of Heroes by: Michael J. Durant 1. Purpose. To understand specific historical aspects of the United States Army and also to read and learn first hand one mans story of overcoming adversity and staying true to his country. a. If you have seen the movie Black Hawk Down then there is no doubt that you know who Michael Durant is. Michael J. Durant was a chief warrant officer who flew black hawk helicopters and was shot down in the United Nations peacekeeping efforts in Somalia during 1993. It was during a snatch and grab mission, Operation Gothic Serpent, where Durant and his crew were to extract suspected members of the Habr Gidr Clan that his helicopter was shot down. He was not killed in the crash or the hellacious firefight that ensued; he did break his back and fractured both legs. He was then loaded into the back of a pick up truck and held prisoner of the warlord Mohammed Aidid, a man who used starvation of children as a political tool, for ten days being given only aspirin for his wounds. Durant refused to be a victim and the book tells about his unforgettable experience that he had while in captivity and what he had to do to overcome his adversity. b. The Army has identified 23 leadership dimensions to measure leadership potential, Durant definitely excelled in all of these dimensions through both his mission and capture. I will list a few characteristics that Michael Durant demonstrated during his time in Somalia. (1) Loyalty Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit and other soldiers. I think its obvious that Michael Durant was a very loyal person to his friends, family, and also to himself. When he was captured he never once gave into the warlords and remained strong at all times. He could have possibly gave them valuable information in exchange for better trea ...

Roberto Gomez Bolaños, Influential Mexican TV Writer

Roberto Gomez Bolaà ±os, Influential Mexican TV Writer Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os (February 21, 1929–November 28, 2014) was a Mexican writer and actor known around the world for his characters â€Å"El Chavo del Ocho† and â€Å"El Chapulà ­n Colorado,† among many others. He was involved in Mexican television for more than 40 years, and generations of children all over the Spanish-speaking world grew up watching his programs. He was affectionately known as Chespirito. Fast Facts: Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os Known For: More than 40 years of writing, acting, and producing for Mexican televisionBorn: February 21, 1929 in Mexico CityParents: Francisco Gà ³mez Linares and Elsa Bolaà ±os-CachoDied: November 28, 2014 in Cancun, Mexico.Television Programs: El Chavo del Ocho and El Chapulà ­n ColoradoSpouse(s): Graciela Fernndez (1968–1989), Florinda Meza (2004–to his death)Children: Roberto, Graciela, Marcela, Paulina, Teresa, Cecilia Early Life Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os was born into a middle-class family in Mexico City on February 21, 1929. He was the second of the three children of Francisco Gà ³mez Linares, a noted painter and illustrator, and Elsa Bolaà ±os-Cacho, a bilingual secretary. He was obsessed with soccer and boxing as a child and did have some success with boxing as an adolescent, but he was too small to turn professional. Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os studied engineering at the Universidad Autonoma de Mexico but never worked in the field. He began writing for an advertising agency at the age of 22, but soon he was writing screenplays and scripts for radio, television shows, and movies. Between 1960 and 1965, Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os wrote for the two top shows on Mexican television, â€Å"Comicos y Canciones† (Comics and Songs) and â€Å"El Estudio de Pedro Vargas† (Pedro Vargas’ Study). It was about this time that he earned the admiring nickname â€Å"Chespirito† from the director Agustà ­n P. Delgado; it is a version of â€Å"Shakespearito,† or â€Å"Little Shakespeare.† Writing and Acting In 1968, Chespirito signed a contract with the newly formed network TIM- Television Independiente de Mexico. Among the terms of his contract was a half-hour slot on Saturday afternoons over which he had complete autonomy- he could do with it whatever he wanted. The brief, hilarious sketches he wrote and produced were so popular that the network switched his time to Monday night and gave him a whole hour. It was during this show, simply called â€Å"Chespirito,† that his two most beloved characters, â€Å"El Chavo del Ocho† (â€Å"The Boy From No. Eight†) and â€Å"El Chapulà ­n Colorado† (The Crimson Grasshopper) made their debut. The Chavo and the Chapulà ­n These two characters were so popular with the viewing public that the network gave them each their own weekly half-hour series; although slapstick and low-budget, the programs had an affectionate center and were wildly popular among adults and children. First produced by Televisa in 1971, El Chavo del Ocho is about a freckle-faced 8-year-old orphan boy, played by Chespirito well into his 60s, who lives in a wooden barrel and gets into adventures with his group of friends. Chavo, a truth-bearing simpleton who dreams of tasty sandwiches, and the other characters in the series, Don Ramon, Quico,  and other people from the neighborhood, are iconic, beloved, and classic characters of Mexican television. El Chapulà ­n Colorado, or the Crimson Grasshopper, was first televised in 1970 and is about is a cocky but dimwitted superhero who foils the bad guys through sheer luck and honesty. His weapon of choice is a squeaky toy version of Thors Hammer, called chipote chillà ³n or loud bang, and he took â€Å"chiquitolina† pills that shrank him to about eight inches tall. The program opened with the words More agile than a turtle, stronger than a mouse, nobler than a lettuce, his coat of arms is a heart, it’s the Crimson Grasshopper! American cartoonist Matt Groening created his Bumblebee Man, a character in the animated show The Simpsons, as an affectionate version of El Chapulà ­n Colorado.   These two shows were immensely popular, and by 1973 they were being transmitted to all of Latin America. In Mexico, it is estimated that 50 to 60 percent of all televisions in the country were tuned into the shows when they aired. Chespirito kept the Monday night time slot and for 25 years, most of Mexico watched his programs. Although the shows ended in the 1990s, reruns are still shown regularly all over Latin America. Other Projects A tireless worker, Chespirito also appeared in more than 20 movies and hundreds of stage performances. When he took the cast of â€Å"Chespirito† on a tour of stadiums to reprise their famous roles on stage, the shows sold out, including two consecutive dates at the Santiago stadium, which seats 80,000 people. He wrote several soap operas, movie scripts, and books, including a book of poetry. Although he started out writing music as a hobby, Chespirito was a gifted composer and wrote the theme songs for many Mexican telenovelas- including Alguna Vez Tendremos Alas (We will have wings some day) and La Dueà ±a (The Owner). In his later years, he became more politically active, campaigning for certain candidates and vocally opposing an initiative to legalize abortion in Mexico. Chespirito received countless awards. In 2003 he was awarded the keys to the city of Cicero, Illinois. Mexico even released a series of postage stamps in his honor. He joined Twitter in 2011 to stay in touch with his fans. At the time of his death, he had more than six million followers. Marriage and Family Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os married Graciela Fernndez in 1968 and together they had six children (Roberto, Graciela, Marcela, Paulina, Teresa, and Cecilia). They divorced in 1989. In 2004 he married actress Florinda Meza, who played Doà ±a Florida on El Chavo del Ocho. Death and Legacy Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os died of heart failure at his home in Cancun, Mexico on November 28, 2014. His movies, soap operas, plays, and books all found great success, but it is for his hundreds of television programs that Chespirito is best remembered. Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto wrote of him, Mexico has lost an icon whose work transcended generations and borders. Chespirito will always be known as a pioneer of Latin American television and one of the most creative writers and actors ever to work in the field.   Sources Lopez, Elias E. Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os, Mexico’s Comedic Artist ‘Chespirito,’ Dies at 85. The New York Times, 28 November 2014.Miranda, Carolina A. Roberto Gomez Bolaà ±os Dies at 85; Mexican Comedian Known as Chespirito. The Los Angeles Times, 28 November 2014.Rott, Nathan. Mexican TV Icon Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os Dies at 85. All Things Considered, 2014.

MoD 3 FIN501 Risk and Returns Protfoli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MoD 3 FIN501 Risk and Returns Protfoli - Essay Example We can use the following models to determine a company's required rate of return: 1) Dividend Discount Model: The dividend discount model is an example of a present value model of stock valuation in which dividends are used as stream of cash flows and the present value of the stream of dividends is defined as the value of the stock. The basic assumption of this model is that an investor who buys a share receives return only in the form of dividends. This assumption strictly holds for dividend paying stocks and for companies that are stable and pay a constant amount of dividend to its share holders. Companies that are categorized as high growth companies do not pay out dividends to their share holders since the excess funds are invested elsewhere in the business to exploit the existing growth opportunities (Madura, 2008). Hence DDM is not a suitable model to use for high growth companies that do not pay out dividends to its shareholders. Another assumption of the model is that there a re no taxes and transaction costs. This is a false assumption since dividends earned are taxed in most of the countries. DDM is one of the oldest and easiest model to calculate a company's required rate of return. ... The required rate of return is very sensitive to the inputs used in the DDM constant growth formula and hence the value of required rate of return is as good as the assumptions used by an analyst. DDM also assumes that the prices are efficient and the intrinsic value of a stock is equal to the market price of a stock. This assumption does not hold in equity market indices of developing markets. In conclusion, DDM is appropriate for valuing a company's required rate of return when its key assumption of steady future dividends hold. Most of the Equity market indices of developed markets satisfy this assumption. Lastly, an analyst should be aware of the fact that the output of the model is very sensitive to the inputs used and the model's accuracy largely depends on the assumptions used by an analyst. 2) Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM): CAPM is an equation that can be used to calculate the required rate of return of a stock. CAPM is one of the widest used models in finance to calcula te the required rate of return because of its comparatively objective procedure of calculating a company's required rate of return (Jaffe, Westerfield, & Ross, 2005). Following equation can be used to calculate the required rate of return in CAPM: One of the assumptions of CAPM is that the shareholders are risk averse and they make the decision to invest in a stock based on the mean return and variance of returns of their total portfolio . This assumption does not hold in developing markets where investors are not very knowledgeable about the concepts of portfolio management. Another assumption of CAPM is that there are many investors in the market and all of those investors are price takers. This assumption does not hold true if the financial markets are not

How to set off a roadside bomb (IED) using radio, mobile phones etc Essay

How to set off a roadside bomb (IED) using radio, mobile phones etc - Essay Example Considering the attacks on the troops of U.S. in Iraq with these bombs as well as increasing reports of IED attacks in Afghanistan, have led to the rising need to find counter measures to act against IEDs (Freudenrich 2013). Previously the IEDs were like basic pipe bombs. However with advancements in the field, artillery shells in multiple numbers, explosives and rocket propellants are used for the detonation of the IEDs. The wires that are used in the roadside bombs in the present times are not easy to detect and set off. Uses of cell phones or devices like garage door opener are often used for the purpose of detonation as well. The size of the IEDs used for explosions are varying in sizes where large IEDs are capable of exploding large vehicles and areas. Reports are mostly obtained for the destruction of the U.S. troops and in Afghanistan for the use of these bombs. Since these bombs are mostly detonated in a remote manner, it has been observed that jammers are essential in the bu siness of IEDs. It has also been reported that many times the detonators are used where the wires are connected for the purpose of detonating the bombs. Remote detonation is also possible with the use of roadside bombs (Congress 2006). Setting off such roadside bombs or IEDs also makes use of different ways and devices. This is the way the bombs are triggered. Pressure-switches, trip wires, and devices like photo detectors can be used for setting off the bombs. Heavy military vehicles are generally required to set off bombs through use of pressure switches. Radios, cell phones, walkie-talkies are some of the other devices, the signal transmissions of which are used effectively in the setting off the IEDs. The control of such remote devices is generally placed under the responsibility of some man who stands at a distance to trigger the bombs at the correct time. Use of devices like the radio and mobile phones has been found to be more effective than using wired controls over the bomb s (IED Defeat n.d.). Aim and Objectives of the Study: The aim of the study is to learn about the process of detonating or setting off roadside bombs or IEDs using devices like radio and mobile phones. Considering the above mentioned aim, the following objectives have been set for the study: The study will discuss about the GSM mobile phones that are used and their technical standards. Discuss about the standards of the 3G phones that are available. Discuss about the standards of the 4G LTE phones. Learn about the UHF and VHF modes of communication including cordless phones, DECT, 2.4 GHz WiFi, 5GHz WiFi Have an overview on the commercial devices that can detect and locate these forms of communication. Discuss how roadside bombs or IEDs can be set off using mobile phones and radio like devices. GSM Mobile Phones: Technical Standards: GSM or Global System for Mobile Communications can identify the account of the user using this particular system. It is a wireless network technology ba sed on TDMA (What is â€Å"GSM†? 2013). TDMA refers to the technology Time Division Multiple Access used in mobile devices that allows increasing the amount of data that can be passed and communicated by dividing the channel of communication into different slots (Rouse 2006). The use of GSM has allowed users to easily change their mobile devices by simply taking out the SIM (or Subscriber Identification Module) card from one device and inserting it into

Ceratopteris Fern Growth and Analysis Essay Example for Free

Ceratopteris Fern Growth and Analysis Essay I: Abstract Observing the effects of ammonium nitrate has on the germination days of C-Fern gametophytes by constructing an experiment with two spore-sown petri dishes, one control and one treatment – a normal nutrient-rich agar petri dish and an ammonium nitrate-containing petri dish respectively. The two petri dishes were each inoculated with three drops of spore suspension by a pipet, then spores were spread by a sterilized-bent paper clip to allow even distribution of spores. Gametophyte germination occurred approximately two weeks after inoculation for the control, and gametophyte germination occurred approximately three weeks after inoculation for the treatment; thus possibly suggesting ammonium nitrate worked to hinder the mitotic cell division in the haploid gametophyte. II: Introduction C-Fern begins with a haploid spore known as the spore imbibition (Hickok, Warne 2009), then after 3 to 4 days the spore will develop into a gametophyte via mitosis after germination. This is a photoautotrophic process. The gametophyte will then undergo differentiation (Hickok, Warne 2009), to form the antheridium and the archegonium after 6 to 8 days (Hickok, Warne 2009). Following the gametophyte displaying its hermaphrodite form, sexual maturity allows cross-fertilization to occur between the sperm from antheridium and the egg from archegonium. After one sperm fertilizes the egg, a zygote forms, thus forming a diploid cell (Hoshizaki 2001). The formation of the zygote exemplifies sporophytes’ alternation of generations via the diploid cell completing mitosis and meiosis yet still retaining a full set of genetic material. In other words, alternation of generation refers to going from a multicellular diploid form to a multicellular haploid form. (Hickok, Warne 2009). The fertilized egg develops into a sporophyte by mitosis to form a microscopic young fern (embryo), which is a gametophyte under the reproductive leaves called sporangia. Note that sporophytes are diploid and gametophytes are haploid. When the sporophyte reaches maturity, it releases spores via meiosis, then the spores will undergo mitosis, thus forming gametophytes, and the life cycle continues (Brooker 2011). Figure 1 is a pictorial depiction of the life cycle of a fern. [pic] Figure 1: The life cycle of a fern. [1] This experiment aims to discover the germination time of C-Fern under a controlled condition and a treatment condition. Experimenting if the treatment of ammonium nitrate will allow faster germination of the C-Fern. Some data shows that ammonium nitrate possibly functions as a fertilizer for many species of plants, however, not all plants will reap the benefits of ammonium nitrate (Aderkas 1984). [2] The null hypothesis of this experiment is that the ammonium nitrate will not hinder the rate of germination of the C-Fern, thus the data obtained from the control will not have a statistical difference from the data obtained from the treatment. III: Methods Two 60 mm petri dishes were prepared. One labeled â€Å"C† for control, another labeled â€Å"T† for treatment. The control contained a layer of agar and the treatment contained agar and ammonium nitrate. Petri dish for control was inoculated with three drops of C-Fern spore suspension via a pipette, and petri dish for treatment was inoculated three drops of C-Fern spore suspension via the same pipette. A Bunsen burner was used to sterilize a bent â€Å"T† shaped paper clip, the paper clip was used to spread the spore suspension in the petri dish for control. The same paper clip was sterilized again by a 70% ethanol solution and was used to spread spore suspension in treatment petri dish. Two petri dishes were each covered with a lid and now considered culture trays, culture trays then were transported to a climate controlled light dome for optimal growth. Light dome maintained a full spectrum of light 24/7 with temperature in the range of 28 to 30 degrees Celsiu s. Observations were made on every Friday at approximately 3:10 pm for the next 3 weeks. Spores were sown in the week of September 10th and no observations were made. First observation was made in the week of September 17th, Friday 3:08 pm, the control displayed some growth with flagella-like hair, however, no germination was observed. The treatment did not display any signs of growth, only air-like bubbles were observed. Second observation was made in the week of September 24th, Friday 3:10 pm, the control displayed germination, gametophytes were visible under the microscope, however, hermaphrodites were not significantly observed. The treatment still does not display signs of germination, only small green spores were observed under the microscope. Last observation was made in the week of October 1st, Friday 3:05 pm, the control displayed significant signs of growth, it appeared that fertilization took place and an embryo was in development. The treatment only displayed minimal germination, however, some spores appeared to be infested with fungus.