Impact of Current Lifestyle Choice on Healthcare Services

Impact of Current Lifestyle Choice on Healthcare Services 2.3 Impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care services According to the medical dictionary, Lifestyle is defined as The constellation of habitual activities unique to a person, which lend consistency to activities, behaviour, manners of coping, motivation, and thought processes, and defines the way in which he/she lives; lifestyle activities include diet, level of physical activity, substance abuse, social and personal interaction. Factors like the advanced technologies, globalization of trade, urbanization, et al, are beneficial and lead to positive outcomes but at the same time we can talk about negative effects on population, bringing up sedentary life patterns und unhealthy dietary patterns, an increase in the consumption of tobacco, alcohol or the use of illegal drugs. To be healthy, is one of the fundamental rights of every human being, therefore to reach the highest possible health standards, a holistic approach is required, that goes behind the traditional curative care, involving everyone from stakeholders, providers and least b ut not last, communities. Healthy Lifestyle choices from an early age are recognised to have a positive impact on the needs and health for Social Care at the stage when people are getting older, hypothetically a choice of lifestyle can be considered an investment for the future. Grossman model analysis for The demand of health in one of the Pub Med articles, Dev Health Econ Public Policy, 1998, rises the demand for health from the model in which health investment is seen as a consumption and as an investment good, an approach where the individual can decide his level of health, hence his life span. To begin with, an individual is granted a certain quantity of health capital, which over time is belittled, but can be replaced by investments like medical care, exercise, diet, et al. So, the level of health is not treated as an external cause but is influenced by the amount of resources the individual assigns for the production of health. As an example, educated people are likely, more efficient producers of health, hence a lower price for their capital of health is demanded. Fries (1980), suggests that the need for medical services and social care might be reduced if the outbreak of chronic diseases and disability can be put on hold. So, having as objective to reduce or postpone health problems, procedures to modify or change unhealthy lifestyle factors at an early stage in life, were winning a significant attention in the current researches. The level of disease in the population and the skill to improve policy is seen as influencing the future demand of care. According to the Office for national Statistics 2006 the big challenge for the future is chronic disease and also a trend in long-lasting illness and disability in younger population. Therefore, the changing burden of disease associated with the ageing population is already high in the minds of policymakers. There are reports about the differences in self-reported longstanding illness by region, employment status or socio-economic group. The number of incapacity-related benefit claimants has tripl ed since 1979 and is increasing year-on-year. (Prime Ministers Strategy Unit 2005) As a summary from the Health Policy futures, is recognised that: There is a steady increase in morbidity. Most diseases in the future will be of a chronic nature and require health and social care over long episodes in time. There has also been a massive (62 per cent) growth in the number of young people with disability since 1972. Poor mental health and neurodegenerative ailments are becoming more prevalent. There are differences in self-reported health. Discrepancies in disease have implications for where care is provided and to whom in the future. Regional forms in disease shift, and effective and rightful provision of care should follow need. Health differences replicate social inequalities. Trends in equality are important predictors of future health status and areas of need for care. As indicated in the article Archives of internal medicine, an unhealthy lifestyle, is the lifestyle where a person is engaged in activities that can be harmful to ones health, like smoking, not exercising regularly enough, eating unhealthy on a regular basis and not keeping a healthy weight, alcohol consumption, et al. Alcohol consumption- recent increase of alcohol consumption reflects in the recent alcohol related deaths that has more than doubled (Office for National Statistics 2006) Smoking- In comparison with alcohol consumption the number of people smoking has decreased over time, from 45 per cent to 24 per cent. This is reflected in the drop in smoking related illnesses. (Office for National Statistics 2005) However trends like alcohol use, obesity or other lifestyle factors related to cancer can inverse these trends. Smoking is considered an activity that will directly lower the health of humans respiratory system and all related systems. According to, Centre of Disease, Control and Prevention, smoking is damaging almost all organs in our body, and increases the chance of developing lung cancer or any heart disease and will never be considered a healthy lifestyle. Diet- The phrase you are what you eat, has been around for who knows how long now. Eating well sustains a healthy body and mind, thus is not likely to be the same if someone may choose junk food over fresh vegetables but at the same time Prevention is key. According to Food Standards Agencys, 2005, there is an increase in the number of respondents of eating fruit and vegetables. Citizens cannot work to their full capacity if they are sick, and as a result the nationals safety and economic health will suffer, making it weak economically and military. As a result, this is why city, state and national governments care about their citizens to be involved with health promotion which is defined by the WHO, to increase control over their health and its determinants. Exercise- Daily exercise is seen as very important for cardiovascular health, weight, upkeep our overall health, therefore exercising regularly will help burn calories and stimulate muscle tissue. All this will lead to a better muscular structure and a much lower overall weight. Being overweight puts stress on joints and bones and at the same times increasing the risk of diabetes and heart disease. According to the National Health Services, our body weight is affected by the quality and quantity of food that a person eats as well, therefore in order to have a healthy lifestyle, healthy foods, fruit and vegetables are recommended because they contain the vitamins and minerals for all our body needs. These are example of modifiable lifestyle factors, which can be related to grave health conditions, like cancer, myocardial infarction, thus they can be related to some daily life activities at a later stage in life. All these factors will have a significant impact on the health and social care system. Evidence are suggesting that the improvement of these factors will prevent functional limitations associated with older age and will lead to a healthier and more independent way to age. (Lanz, et al. 2001) The report, Engaging with care: A vision for the health and care workforce of England, published in September 2007, is analysing the policies, directions and identifies the routes for future actions, establishing trends and challenges in identifying common grounds in health and care policy guidelines at local and national level. The aim is to empower all those involved in health, in their different roles, to influence the health and care policy and practice. It is well known that the demand for care is shaped by disease patterns, however the patterns of disease are influenced by social determinants. References: Health Policy Futures Engaging with care: a vision for the health and care workforce of England, The Nuffield Trust, paper 2, prepared by Morris Z., (2007), available at: http://www.health.jbs.cam.ac.uk/research/cuhresearch/downloads/reports/socialcontext.pdf, accessed on: 24/01/2017 Nocera S.,(1998), The demand for health: an empirical test of the Grossman model using panel data, PubMed, available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10662408, accessed on: 24/01/2017 The Free Dictionary, (2003-2017), available at: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Life-style+choice, accessed on: 24/01/2017Â  

Essay example --

Amelia Ferrari Composition 2 A. Gaffney March 13, 2014 Why You Should be in a Sport Imagine being part of a team and having a second family. Sounds pretty amazing, doesn’t it. Well it is. My dance team is seriously like my second family and I would do almost anything for anyone of them. It takes more to being in a sport than you think. Athletes have to be extremely physically fit along with a lot of other great qualities, but it’s all worth it in the end. The great feeling you get when you win. The feeling of being part of something. It feels amazing and everyone should know what that feels like. It all pays off in the end. Everyone should be in a sport at least once in their life or at least try it for a little while. Being in a sport teaches children and teenagers sportsmanship and the importance of teamwork. â€Å"Being involved in sports gives children a chance to meet kids and families in the community they wouldn't have otherwise† (Franz). It shows them how to be supportive of their teammates and how to improve upon their social skills. Hopefully, your children will get plenty of...

A key element of unfolding the story in the action movie genre Essay

Violence is a key element of unfolding the story in the action movie genre. It is used to make sense of the narrative for the audience, gradually revealing character traits as well as intentions. In summation to this violence in the action movie genre often follow certain narrative conventions; including binary oppositions, Todorov’s disequilibrium as well as open endings and linear/non-linear narratives. Movies that conform to these stereotypes are often successful, movies such as Die Hard or more censored action movies such as Logan or Deadpool which follow the binary opposition style of narrative where the protagonists aim within the movie is to â€Å"train† to eventually take down the antagonist, oppositions may include – (Good vs. evil, rich vs. poor and man vs. woman) In addition to this the listed movies follow Todorov’s theory of disequilibrium where everything is in one piece until the antagonist is introduced only then will chaos arise. However, action movies that challenge these usual narratives leave options for the audience as to how they think the movie is going to end; movies such as Avatar are examples of this. This importance of violence in action movies are reinforced and undermined in the movies I have chosen to research, these movies include; Avatar, World War Z, 300, War of the planet of the apes, Casino Royale and American Sniper. The listed movies were chosen based on my personal preference for movies whilst taking into consideration the responses that the audience has given regarding the film, I have aimed to choose films within the 15-18 age rating mark to explore to a greater extent of how violence affects narrative in the action movie genre. This essay will analyse how greatly violence affects narrative systems in action films, with particular focus on – ‘Avatar (2009), World War Z (2013), 300 (2006), War of the planet of the apes (2017), Casino Royale (2006) and American Sniper (2014), ’ concentrating on how these titles challenge or reinforce particular action narrative conventions. Regarding the aspect of time in the film, it was Todorov who stated that – â€Å"All stories are based on a change from equilibrium (where everything is in order) to disequilibrium (chaos).† This can be applied when watching Avatar, James Cameron directs the movie with the assumption that the audience knows that everything is in order. Set in the distant future where technology has vastly advanced, a cripple played by Sam Worthington gets the opportunity to explore a ‘new world’ known as Pandora to further learn about their species known as the Navie. James Cameron reinforces Todorov’s theory through Avatar. He does this through Jake Sully (Sam Worthington) who starts learning about the Navie, gradually bonding with their kind, only to be stopped by his commander who seeks to attack the Navie for their land which holds expensive materials, resulting in the Navie to lose their trust for Jake Sully. However, Cameron then challenges this theory by having Jake Sully fill the position of the hero in the film entitling him with the role of a proper protagonist in an action movie as he goes against his commander to save the Navie and the woman he has fallen in love with. The importance of time for narrative can be highlighted by the view that – â€Å"Time can be subverted, altering the story and its effect on the viewer.† This can be applied to Avatar as the main protagonist in the movie enters Pandora through a machine which morphs the conscience from his body into an alternative Avatar body. These scenes are shown to the audience multiple times within the film and are presented in the form of some sort of dream to make a clear distinction between the time in the ‘real world’ and Pandora. Regarding the plot and story of Avatar James Cameron uses violence to clearly illustrate to the audience the binary oppositions within the film, using different genres of music when a ‘good’ or ‘bad’ character appears on the screen as well as using non-diegetic voice-overs of Jake Sully with the intentions of making him appear as an ‘underdog’ sort of character who is rising up and finding a purpose in his life. In summation to this, different shot types are used to highlight certain characters dominance – evidence of this can be seen from when Jake Sully is presented in a worm’s eye view type of shot despite him being a cripple, a sense of nobility is being expressed. It was Jacques Derrida that stated that â€Å"binary pairs were never equal.† He further went on to claim that within any particular culture, one ‘side’ of each binary pair tended to be valued or judged in a more privileged light. This idea is con firmed heavily in Avatar painting the Navie to be a good force and the military/scientists to be the enemy attempting to steal the Na vie’s land and even kill them if they stand in their way. Whether or not violence is important for narrative in the action movie genre, can be further answered by decomposing the movie; World War Z. Marc Forster places Gerry Lane high up on a podium presenting him to the audience to be a strong, brave and heroic protagonist, this is done through the use of backstory given to his character in the movie. Using the information that Forster gives the audience we learn that Lane has a motive for what he is doing and why he is doing it- we as an audience come to learn that he wants to protect his family and the other people close to him all whilst bearing the hopes of the world on his shoulders. With further reference to the plot as a narrative, Bordwell and Thompson stated; â€Å"All we have before us is the plot – the arrangement of material in the film as it stands. We create the story in our minds on the basis of cues in the plot.† This is reinforced in World War Z as it follows a linear narrative but leaves the option open for an open ending in which the audience can ponder on a possible ending for the movie, various situations in the movie allow the audience to do this; the idea is further supported through violence as seen in the opening three minutes of the film where multiple disasters are presented to the audience through a ‘news broadcast’ format, which is used for authenticity and to give the viewer an idea of what the current state of the world is. An example of this further being enforced can be seen during the first action scene that we see in the film, a state of confusion and uneasiness is created by Lane and his wife’s reaction to hearing about the – â€Å"sudden outbreak of rabies† on the radio, this develops into a state of panic when we begin to see everyone running to safety; trampling over people and even going as far as to run over people. The unintentional violence shown here is purposefully added by Foster in an attempt to connote the level of threat in the current situation and how serious it is. In summation to this, this scene can be compared to a later action scene in the film which takes place in Jerusalem; in this case the audience is left to wonder what the outcome of the battle is going to be, Forster doesn’t give the audience an opportunity to easily pick an ending of the scene; he structures the film in a way which presents the antagonists in a superior sense – as seen from the many scenes where the antagonist have the upper hand on the main characters in the film. The scene in Jerusalem shows an injured soldier on the floor with a wound on her arm is an example of this, Lane is presented to the audience in an over the shoulder shot moaning in pain whilst he attempts to console her. Despite this the audience could have conflicting ideas for who would prevail due to characters such as Lane in the film being presented as heroes as seen from his elevated status when he is consoling the soldier, making him the dominant figure in that particular shot. In summation to this, the various triumphs and escapes that the characters make the infected humans support the protagonists prevailing. With regards to the narrative that violence adds in these two scenes, it is clear that violence is important when taking into account the audience’s interpretation of how the next scene will turn out, Foster uses violence as a key element throughout the film to leave the audience sceptical as to what is going to happen to Lane next. In conclusion, I believe that it can be seen from the evidence above that violence is important for narrative in the action movie genre, supporting this would be how violence presents the audience with a binary opposition which ultimately sets the story and plot of the film; violence also reveal certain character traits to the audience and presents them in various lights. However, it can also true that violence is not the key element for narrative in the action movie genre.

Jamaica And The United States - 1529 Words

Jamaica and The United States Ever wondered why Jamaica is in debt and why the United states isn’t, all of this had to have happen by something. The English used the slaves to benefit themselves by growing cash crops to sell to England, over 300 years of England’s control Jamaica gained its independence on August 6, 1962. Jamaica didn’t have enough time to build a strong economy after independence, so they took a loan from the IMF (International monetary fund) which had certain restrictions on what to do with the money, this was their downfall. The IMF demanded Jamaica to spend to a limited amount on education and health, devalue Jamaica’s currency, this doesn’t solve anything because it hurts the future of†¦show more content†¦How does the differentiation of economic geography between Jamaica and the U.S affect the country. The U.S has way more land more land the Jamaica, which means it has more resources than Jamaica and it also says the U.S produces more than Jamaica because they have more workers and the U.S has ports so it s easy for trading in and out of the country. Jamaica is smaller than the U.S so they produce less and they don’t have as much of land than the U.S so they don’t have as much resources which sets them below the U.S and they use tourism as a resource to help with the economy. The U.S has more than three hundred million people which helps with increasing the economy, people have a high literacy rate which is ninety-nine percent so people know what to do, .7% of labor force is in agriculture so most of the population in tertiary or secondary activities which is more valuable than agriculture,15.1% is poverty but they have most of the population working and last has 2.347 trillion imports so they don’t have to work about running out of resources. Jamaica has a population of about three million which is nothing compared to the U.S, people have a literacy rate or eighty - nine pe rcent so they are fair educated but education isn’t important for Jamaica, seventeen percent is in agriculture so the country kind of relies on agriculture, 16.5%