Ramifications of working abroad (Hong Kong). What can you do to make Research Paper

Consequences of working abroad (Hong Kong). What would you be able to do to make it beneficial - Research Paper Example Leaving one’s own nation and moving to somewhere else and calling it as the new and embraced country is surely a Herculean assignment since it includes restored organizing conceivable outcomes and the inevitable legend of getting bombed and afterward returning to the previous home in any case. It is to be sure something that acts like a hazard whenever seen inside the right settings and my case has been the same. At the point when I mull over the sort of dangers that I am going to attempt, I consider both the positives and negatives and afterward I gauge them to discover which dish is heavier of the two. I have consistently had confidence in facing challenges for an amazing duration yet it is the determined hazard that I am continually banking upon as opposed to shooting in obscurity which doesn't cut down any accomplishment for any one. On the off chance that I move to Hong Kong, I would need to forego all my own and expert ties that have been worked with the progression of t ime inside the United States (Whalen, 2011). This would imply that my excursion will begin without any preparation most definitely. It will be another home for me and henceforth an absolutely new and rejuvenating experience. ... One needs to take care of such a significant number of angles that it appears to be a burdensome errand in total. Pushing forward, I have to contrast each and everything and what I am getting in the United States. This places me in an immediate correlation with what I will get inside Hong Kong and how I will gather up enough certainty to get myself and my family to the new nation and start life anew. It would imply that I analyze each and everything in an extremely one on one premise, and discover where I am turning out badly and what positives and negatives stay for me over the long haul plan of things. There is simply such a great amount for me to understand that I believe I may be lost some place in the center. I have to consider the compensation issues which will continue coming each month most definitely (Sibeck, 2011). Likewise the way that I have to discover a space for myself and my family is one of the most troublesome errands that I need to attempt as of right now. It will let me know precisely where I remain similarly as settling on this movement choice towards Hong Kong. Generally the entirety of my correlations would be finished with the United States since this is the nation that will say goodbye to. I will consider the instance of transportation inside Hong Kong and what amount is it of an issue to move starting with one spot then onto the next. I will consider the measure of traffic there is inside Hong Kong and what I would need to do to move starting with one suburb then onto the next. These are a portion of the notable angles that I will look at on a relentless premise between where I am living at present (United States) and where I mean moving to (Hong Kong). On the off chance that lone I am ready to discover every one of these answers inside the

Sherlock Holmes Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Holmes Essay Sherlock Holmes developed in 1893 as an anecdotal beginner criminologist. He had illuminated numerous cases and had the option to discover the reprobate utilizing logical proof. At the point when Sherlock Holmes came out beyond any confining influence, Britain was a degenerate spot as the police power was futile and individuals used to murder and take only for it. Jack the Ripper is the most popular alias date from that period. He used to murder ladies whores from the ghettos and cut out their throats. He at that point sent body portions of his casualties to the police demonstrating his predominance. Individuals thought of Sherlock Holmes as a legend since they figured he could shield them from pedophiles and killers despite the fact that he was an anecdotal character. The driving force to Sherlock Holmes was Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. He put together the super sleuth character with respect to his individual specialist, Dr Joseph Bell. He, similar to Holmes, had the option to utilize the intensity of derivation to discover his patients occupation. Conan Doyle made this extraordinary character since he was disappointed with other analyst stories. Consequently he made an overly human like analyst who utilized logical proof to unravel his cases not at all like incident like the other investigator stories. This made Sherlock Holmes a tremendous example of overcoming adversity and when Doyle slaughtered off the character, there was an open up thunder and passing dangers were sent to his home. Along these lines, Doyle brought back the character and his side kick Watson once more from the shadows. Doyle figured out how to keep his crowds inspired by Sherlock Holmes by cunningly making an immaculate thought. This was to discharge various stories consistently as opposed to keeping one story and conveying it one quite a long time after month. This was a shrewd and fruitful way of thinking in light of the fact that Conan Doyle realized that on the off chance that he kept up with one account, at that point individuals would lose intrigue since individuals who missed an issue wouldnt purchase the following one though in the event that he made another story consistently, at that point individuals would at present purchase the issue each month as they didnt miss anything. This is the reason it got known as Sherlock Holmes undertakings. Sherlock Holmes experiences have an extremely one of a kind structure. This is on the grounds that it makes a story with in the story. It begins with the casualty coming to Holmes about their problem(s). They at that point disclose to him their problem(s). This is the place Doyle makes a story inside the story. Next, Holmes examines and afterward sets out an arrangement. He in the long run gets the reprobate. Portions of the structure can frequently shift. This is indicated obviously in the story The man with the bent lip. Rather than the casualty coming to Holmes, they come to Dr Watson; Holmes right hand man. This gives us that Doyle is attempting to shift his structure. Something else is that the casualties generally consistently appear to be of high class. This is absent in the Red Headed League as Jabez Wilson (The person in question) is of lower class. Despite the fact that he is of lower class and his case is somewhat questionable (this is on the grounds that he abruptly quit getting à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½4 week after week from his auxiliary occupation as it just out of nowhere vanished) Holmes was as yet resolved to illuminate his case. This gives us that Holmes will take on any case regardless of who his customer is or how senseless the issue was. A decent citation to help the issue is the weirdest and the most extraordinary things are frequently associated not with the littler violations. The characters that the tales rotate around shift from story to story. There are just two characters that are available in all the 3 stories that I have perused (The Speckled Band, The Red Headed League and The man with the turned lip). These two characters are the sleuthhound Sherlock Holmes and the wannabe analyst Dr Watson. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle utilizes characters as a decent gadget by indicating the peruser and crowd that he has utilized the six principles of a decent criminologist story. * The wrongdoing must be huge * The investigator must be vital * The criminal must be a commendable rival * The hints must be accessible to the crowd * The speculate must show up from the get-go in the story * The arrangement must be sensible and conceivable On account of these standards, Holmes has all the earmarks of being extraordinary to the unaided eye however whenever took a gander at closer you would find that this marvelous character has a characteristic. This is on the grounds that he smokes all the time and consumes medications and so on. The way that he smokes is indicated obviously in the citation from the Red Headed League Watson, I ask of you leave me for 60 minutes. I accept this is a 3 channel issue This underscores the sum that he smokes. 3 channel issue implies he should smoke three funnels before he will find the solution which suggests that it is a troublesome issue. This is on the grounds that a decided and scholarly individual like him doesnt battle with a lot. The citation in the passage above additionally shows us the manner in which Holmes treats Watson. Holmes treats him like a youngster who doesnt know a lot. Another statement to back up the issue is My dear specialist, this is a period for perception, not for talk. We are spies in an enemys nation. This is when Holmes answers to Watsons question with a muddled answer. It gives us how ill bred Holmes can be and that Holmes feels that Watson has a long way to go. Watson assumes the job of the storyteller and snares the peruser. Another job of his is the foil. He makes Sherlock Holmes look better. You reason it out flawlessly. I shouted in unfeigned profound respect. It is so long a chain, but then every connection sounds accurate. This concentrate cited from Watson, appreciates Holmes demonstrable skill. It additionally features his deductive abilities and logical strategies. Something else Watson does is attract the crucial an acceptable end. This is additionally appeared in the statement above. Watson consistently goes with Holmes on day and night outings to offer insurance since he has a pistol. This shows his fortitude as he offers his life and appendages to ensure Holmes and himself. He frequently goes deliberately considerably after Holmes has disclosed to him his life might be in danger. This fortifies his unyielding quality. Reprobates in Sherlock Holmes stories are continually clever and a decent counterpart for Sherlock Holmes. This makes the story all the more energizing and inebriating as we dont know whether the scoundrel will pull off his wrongdoing. The scoundrels are consistently of high class which makes them harder to find or suspect as a great many people wouldnt question them. The scoundrels in Holmes stories fluctuate from great miscreants or casualties who are the reprobates. One exemplary miscreant is Dr Roylott. He is of high class and has probably the most established family in Britain. Something else is that he is a specialist who has turned sour. This is reflected in the garments he wears. As he goes to stand up to Holmes, he wears a dark top-cap, a long gown coat, a couple of high gaiters with a chasing crop swinging in his grasp. This gives us that for a high class man, he has no confidence and has most likely lost his nobility simultaneously. This certainly makes him an exemplary scoundrel as he has no other option however to turn into a lowlife to keep what he has left. The entirety of this affects the peruser. It makes the peruser second look Dr Roylott as they dont might suspect he is a criminal from the start however then it settles on them glance back at that choice and reevaluate the issue before making a decision that Dr Roylott is the scalawag. After this chaotic period, the peruser is left as eager and anxious as can be to see whether he escapes or if Sherlock Holmes and his accessory catch him in the demonstration. It assembles such a great amount of strain as they are an even match. It makes the peruser need to continue perusing to discover what occurs. Pressure begins to work when Dr Royllott strolls in through the entryway. It affects the peruser as they need to know who the unusual man is and why he came. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle figures out how to paint a completely flawless picture of the characters into our heads. Doyle does this by utilizing short yet incredible descriptive words to portray each special and basic element of their body. He gives the detail more than 1 or 2 lines to make it short and smart. Despite the fact that he does this, he can paint the image in our minds to the absolute last detail. An extremely heavy flowery face old courteous fellow with searing red hair This statement backs up the way that the author utilizes 1 or 2 lines of detail is as yet ready to cause you to envision what the character resembles. He utilizes words like red hot which are short and smart yet powerful. It is perfect to portray Mr Wilsons hair shading. Flowery is a decent word as it allows the sentence to sentence is as yet equipped for utilizing it to most extreme viability by depicting Jabez Wilsons face. Holmes assurance is presumably the most significant piece of all Sherlock Holmes experiences. It is appeared in all the tales I have perused and has tackled each of the 3 of the cases. This is on the grounds that he generally drives forward through the intense and simple occasions. The most notable out of the 3 stories I read was likely The man with the curved lip This is on the grounds that it took him such a long time to make sense of who the criminal was. Rather than betraying the case, he endured and settled the case. He did this with sheer assurance. At long last, the criminal was the person in question (Neville St Clair). By and large, Sherlock Holmes is a radiant character. This is on the grounds that numerous individuals thought he was a genuine individual. This shows how great Doyles composing was. Holmes additionally gave Victorian individuals trust the same number of murders and pedophiles snuck the avenues. He even was a good example for the police power as learner cops were advised to peruse them to tell them the best way to get crooks. Sherlock Holmes will be associated with numerous hundreds of years to come and his logical perspective has been embraced by police powers. He will consistently be famous as the best anecdotal and non-anecdotal investigator the world has ever known. Pastry specialist Street additionally has a house where individuals present messages on Sherlock Holmes as that is the place he is accepted to have lived.

Pre-Orientation Begins

Pre-Orientation Begins Pre-Orientation and a mini-contest! This week, the MIT Class of 2010 (otherwise known as MIT MMX) begins their pre-Orientation. Orientation itself begins on Sunday, but for half of the class, they are already getting to know their classmates and MIT. Thre are more than a dozen different Freshman Pre-Orientation Programs (FPOPs), each covering a different subject. The oldest program is the Freshman Leadership Program, and the newest programs include one on Architecture and one on Literature. The FPOPs are a great opportunity to get to know a few dozen classmates well, before meeting the entire 1,000+ person freshman class. Here are a few of the FPOP highlights: Discover Earth Sponsored by the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Department, Discover Earth brings 20 incoming freshman to Montana, Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks. Students will camp out in the parks, have informal lectures with the Earth Science faculty, and see geysers, hot springs, and evidence of volcanoes. Discover Mechanical Engineering (DME) Over the course of five days, students, with help from Mechanical Engineering Department faculty and students, build Soccer Bots, culminating in an ultimate Soccer Bot battle/tournament at the Museum of Science. Between using the machine shop and working on control boxes, participants get to take a cruise of Boston Harbor and learn to sail at the MIT Sailing Pavilion. Freshman Arts Program (FAP) FAP serves as initiation into the MIT arts community. Each of the 60 freshman in the program and 12 upperclassman mentors explore one of six different disciplines: music, dance, creative writing, film and media/photography, theater, and visual arts. All of these disciplines are well represented at MIT. Students will also check out Boston and Cambridges extensive arts scene. You can read about all of the different FPOPs on the Orientation website. And, of course, following pre-orientation is Orientation itself! More on that soon and a mini-contest! Welcome to campus, MIT MMX! Id like you to send me some of your pictures from your first days on campus, capturing your excitement and surprises at MIT. Some suggested photo topics: Moving into your room getting to know your roommate Your experiences at an FPOP Meeting your advisor The Orientation official welcome Boston Cambridge etc. Here are the rules: You should submit captions with every picture. Each entry should have no more than 6 pictures. You may enter more than once. Enter by sending me an email with either a link to your pictures, or attach the pictures themselves. Upperclassman MIT students who are around for Orientation may also enter. Entries will be accepted now through the first day of classes. The best entries will be posted on this blog. There is a possible bonus prize for the best picture that spells M-I-T. I look forward to seeing your photos!

Lolita Through a Marxist-Feminist Lens Lolita by...

Lolita Through a Marxist-Feminist Lens After looking past its controversial sexual nature, Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita can be read as a criticism of the capitalist system. Nabokov uses the relationship between the novels narrator, Humbert Humbert, and the novels namesake, Lolita, as an extended metaphor to showcase the systems inherent exploitive nature in a way that shocks the reader out of their false consciousness, by making the former a man in the position of power - a repulsive, manipulative pedophile — and the latter a young female victim — as well as a spoiled, vapid, unruly child. Each is to the other nothing more than a commodity — Lolita being the perfect consumer and Humbert Humbert being a man of privilege who views others†¦show more content†¦However, Humbert Humbert’s arrogance causes him to hold himself above all others, except when hes trying to charm the reader with his false modesty — but it is transparent. By making his narrator so vulgarly arrogant, Nabokov is revealing the capitalist persona he’s created, leaving the reader disenchanted with Humbert Humbert and his charm. Humbert Humbert arrives in Ramsdale with a small amount of money from his deceased rich American uncle and Lolita is instantly taken with his Hollywood good-looks. She was raised in a middle class house, where putting on airs of being wealthier and more sophisticated than one truly is — traits which Humbert Humbert actually possesses — was taught to her by a single, uninterested mother. Lolita is by nature at the bottom of the hierarchy because of her sex and her age, as well as the fact that the reader only sees her through the narrators gaze, but her consumerism makes her restraint all the more difficult to overcome. She is a modern child, an avid reader of movie magazines, an expert in dream-slow close-ups, (49) which gave her unrealistic expectations of love’s value and places her squarely in the object position. Lolita finds solace in material things, objects with no true use or value: movies, movie magazines, stylish clothes, etc., Kinsey 3 and throws tantrums on a regular basis. She had thrown one

5 Types of Asexual Reproduction

Nike Case Study Free Essays

1. A decision to retain an in-house arm of agency Weiden Kennedy by Nike exemplify the concept of organizational design by allowing Nike use the agency’s creative designers to focus solely on Nike work, giving them un-parallel access to executives, researchers and anyone else who might provide Nike advertisers with their next inspiration for marketing greatness before listening to any other organization. Having the agency in the building is having them at their disposal at anytime they need them and also the agency will have to consider them first incase of any new ad or good idea discovered by the agency or when Nike needs to salvage a problem with the help of the agency. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, the agency at their finger-tips serves great advantages for not only trouble shooting. 2. I believe the organic design of Nike helped in posing the sweatshop labor problem Nike faced. Using a flat structure helps get a lot of work in a short time but none-the-less can cause a lot of trouble as seen in Nike. With a more highly bureaucratic structure, also known as Mechanistic design, practices will be closely monitored to prevent such problems from arising. In a centralized design with many rules and procedures which have to be followed, a clear-cut division of labor and narrow spans of control and formal coordination, the higher management/ board of directors will be very well informed on what is happening in the organization at each and every level. Though organic design has more personal coordination a more strict coordination will help in preventing such issues. For example, if Nike had a tight structure, they would have a predictable goal, centralized authority on whom to report directly to, many rules and procedures they must abide by, a narrow span of control so as to control their workers/management’s practices, everyone has his/her specialized task, and formal and impersonal coordinator. Having this sort of clear division of labor and coordination helps keep the management well informed and they would have known and remedied the sweatshop labor before the allegations surfaced. Nike would have known the right factories to outsource to instead of using factories that fail to meet their standards. 3. Fig. 1 shows what Nike network structure looks like, Mark Parker (CEO) reports to the Board of Directors and in return almost every manager/worker reports directly to him when the need arises. Nike is a divisional company but retains some functional departments as well. The brands Nike sells comprise many of the divisions of the company. Apparel for Nike brand, Converse, and Jordan brands are examples of some divisions created around specific products. Functional departments such as Nike design and investor relations are also part of Nike’s organizational structure. Nike‘s vertical structure includes CEO Mark Parker and a board of directors chaired by co-founder Phil Knight. Although Nike has functional divisions and divisions based on specific products it is not a matrix organization. In a matrix organization, employees report to a functional and divisional manage. At Nike, employees report to the divisional manager and the president of each division reports directly to the CEO. Nike’s continued product innovation and successful marketing are due to the combination of functional and divisional organization using an operations department to insure communication between divisions. There is division of labor but it is not clearly identified. With a more pronounced division of labor and levels of direct supervision Nike can improve its business thereby staying ahead of competition like Adidas. The bulk of divisions reporting to Mark Parker can be cut down introducing more managers to report to in other to lessen the workload on him. Having more layers can help ease the workload and also the more levels reported to will enable more ideas to be shared. A lower manager can have important ideas that will be welcomed by Mark Parker and Board of Directors but cutting such a manager from the line of report will render him unaware of the situation and not able to share his ideas, which may potentially be just the perfect solution to the situation. No doubt he flat structure makes work faster and workers feel more involved in a project, but it’s not always the best because once a project goes wrong, salvaging it is not impossible but it is hard and more time consuming to investigate than in a mechanistic bureaucratic structure. REFERENCE Schermerhorn, John R.. Management. 11th ed. Hoboken, N. J. :Wiley; 2010 How to cite Nike Case Study, Free Case study samples Nike Case Study Free Essays Profile: Nike is a cooperation which sells clothing, footwear, sportswear, and sport equipment. Through many retail stores and various distributors, the company sells products to more than 170 countries including the USA, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific (Datamonitor, 2012). Nike is headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, USA; it is the top supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and is one of the top manufacturers of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of $20. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now 862 million in FY ended May, 2011 (Datamonitor, 2012). Based on geography regions, revenues are generated by Nike through six main regions: North America accounted for 42. 1% of sales, followed by Western Europe (21. 1%), Emerging Markets (15. 2%), Greater China (11. 5%), Central and East Europe (5. 7%); and Japan (4. 3%) (Datamonitor, 2012). Also, Nike is facing with strong competition from Adidas at present. According to James (2012), Nike has 18% market share of the United Kingdom’s markets while Adidas has only 15%. Origins and Key Developments According to Datamonitor (2012), Nike was established in 1964 by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman. At the beginning, Nike was known as Blue Ribbon Sports which sold Tiger shoes. At that time, Knight shook hand with the Onitsuka Co in Japan in order to mass-produce products. In 1971, Knight and Bowerman planned to change their company from a footwear distributor to a company designs and manufactures athletic shoes. The name â€Å"Nike† was created in 1972 and the brand mark was designed by a student at Portland State University. The mid-1980s was a period of transition when Nike had made a wrong aerobics boom calculation which gave chances for other competitors to develop their businesses. Fortunately, in 1985, new ideas in a signature shoe for National Basketball Association from Michael Jordan helped Nike improve their performance. By the end of the 1980s, Nike has finished their IPO and became a publicly traded company. At this time, Nike focused on advertising to attract more customers and differentiate themselves from competitors. The 1990s saw the rapid expansion of Nike since there are many Nike’s stores around the US and internationally. By the middle of the 1990s, Nike concentrated on sponsorship to make the company become well-known. In 2000, Nike created a new innovation called â€Å"Nike Shox† and focused on the â€Å"Secret Tournament† marketing campaign in 2002. They are continuing to focus on innovative and marketing to differentiate themselves from competitors (Nike, 2012). SWOT Analysis According to Datamonitor (2012), the first of three Nike’s strengths is the market position with strong brand equity. The company became the leader in most of sport’s product segmentation. As a result, their global footwear market share increases from 14% in 2006 to 16% in 2009 (Datamonitor, 2012). In 2011, Nike’s brand value achieved $14. 28 million (Forbes, 2011). Secondly, Datamonitor (2012) pointed out that Nike concentrates on technical innovation and cooperates with other famous companies to create a new range of products. The company is carrying out research to give advisories to athletic, coaches and trainers on effective designs, light materials and develops functions of products. Furthermore, Nike has built the relationship with Apple and has created a product for Apple’s users called Nike+ GPS. Nike+ GPS lets users track their pace, distance, time and calories-burned through their Iphone or Ipod (Nike, 2012). Consequently, many Apple’s users buy Nike footwear to discover this function on their devices. Finally, Nike has a world-wide distribution channel. They sell their products by means of Nike-owned stores and a mix of independent distributors and licenses around the world. In term of weaknesses, Nike depends too much on third party manufacturers in Asia, such as: vietnam, China, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Turkey and Indonesia to decrease the costs of production (Datamonitor, 2012). As a result, Nike has not much control of the product quality. For example, Renonvpilaw (2005) reports that Nike took back about 9,000 units of Nike Get-Go and Little Get-Go children’s athletic shoes which were produced in Indonesia in 2005. Thus, this event makes some impacts on Nike’s image. Nike also has some opportunities to develop the business. First of all, the development of India’s economics within the remove restriction on foreign investment from government make India becomes an attractive market for foreign companies. Datamonitor (2012) shows that the footwear market in India increased 9. 2% and achieved at $4,104. million in 2009. Another opportunity is the rapid development of the global footwear market. According to Datamonitor (2012), the global footwear market rose by 2. 6% and reached $196. 3 billion in 2009 and will achieve $230. 8 billion in 2014. The main threats that Nike is dealing with are the intense competition from Adidas in the international market. Moreover, in the US market, the company has to fa ce cheaper imported footwear from Asia; especially China. It will have some effect on the price of Nike’s products and influence revenues of the company. In addition, according to BBC News (2009), there are about 8,000 pairs of counterfeit sports shoes from China imported to UK per month. It affects not only Nike’s revenues but also the image of company. Evaluation In spite of depending too much on third parties, there is evidence that Nike will try to tighten management in third party factories. Nike will reinforce inspectors and send them to different factories on the world (BBC News, 2008). These staff will ensure the product is produced following the right standards. Beside that, there are signs which show that Nike will develop well in India. According to Nike (2012), Nike wrested the rights to become the official kit sponsor for the India cricket team from 2010 to 2015. By this way, they will become famous in India since Indian is a crazy cricket fan. For another, in order to maintain the market leader position, it depends on Nike’s ability to increase innovation and sponsorship to compete with Adidas. Lee and Aiken (2010:250) report that Nike will investigate into High School League in Taiwan to develop a long term relationship between a company and young customer public events. Thus, Nike will continue to get feedback as well as works on research projects directly with customers, to get experiences in order to innovate their products (Ramaswamy, 2008:11). Finally, Nike will establish the relationship with the police in some countries to avoid counterfeit goods. In Croatia, Nike and Police cooperate together to find out counterfeit goods (Williamette Week, 2011). To summarize, Nike will has chances to develop the company if they continue to maintain the market leader position in term of innovation, taking advantage of sponsorship and having solutions to prevent the development of counterfeit goods. Bibliography BBC News (2009), Fake shoes valued at ? 1m seized, [Online], Available from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/england/suffolk/7976876. stm [assessed 7 May 2012]. BBC News (2008), Gap and Nike: No Sweat? , [Online], Available from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/970385. stm [assessed 7 May 2012]. Datamonitor (2012), Nike Inc: Company Profile, [Online], Available from: www. datamonitor. com [assessed 2 May 2012]. Forbes (2011), The World’s Top Sports Brands, [Online], Available from: http://www. forbes. om/2010/02/03/most-powerful-sports-names-tiger-woods-nike-cmo-network-sports-brands. html [assessed 6 May 2012]. James, H. (2011), London 2012 Olympics: Adidas aims to beat Nike into second place at Games, [Online], Available from: http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/london-olympics-business/8545104/London-2012-Olympics-Adidas-aims-to-beat-Nike-into-second-place-at-Games. html [assessed 6 May 2012]. Lee, C. and Aiken, K. (2010), Changing brand assoc iations in Taiwan: Nike’s sponsorship of high-school basketball, Journal of Sponsorship, Vol. 3, May, pp. 50. Nike (2011), Annual Report, [Online], Available from: http://investors. nikeinc. com/Investors/Financial-Reports-and-Filings/Annual-Reports/default. aspx [assessed 4 May 2012]. Nike (2011), History Heritage, [Online], Available from: http://nikeinc. com/pages/history-heritage#tab6-tab [assessed 3 May 2012]. Nike (2012), Nike celebrates India’s cricket team with elite holiday collection, [Online], Available from: http://nikeinc. com/news/nike-celebrates-indias-cricket-team-with-elite-holiday-collection [accessed 4 May 2012]. Ramaswamy, V. 2008), Co-creating value through customers’ experiences: the Nike case, Strategy ; Leadership Journal, Vol. 36, pp. 11. Renonvpilaw (2005), NIKE Recall of Children’s Athletic Shoes, [Online], Available from: http://renonvpilaw. com/picontent/products/recalls/product. php? id=76 [assessed 3 May 2012]. Williamette Week (2011), NIKE REPRESENTATIVE DESCRIBES COUNTERFEIT GOODS SMUGGLING IN CROATIA, [Online], Available from: http://wweek. com/portland/article-18471-nike-representative-describes-counterfeit-goods-smuggling-in-croatia. html [assessed 7 May 2012]. How to cite Nike Case Study, Free Case study samples

Developing an International Growth Strategy at New York Fries free essay sample

New York Fries is known for its high quality fries made with real and hand-cut potatoes and fried in a non-hydrogenated, trans fat-free, sunflower oil. Jay Gould, president of The Company and founder is holding a biannual meeting with its franchisees in the next three days. He is planning to discuss about the plan to have international expansion into another countries, such as China, India, and South Korea. However there are many risks and costs to consider, as there have been a number of failures in international expansion at South Korea and Australia. NYF operate mainly from franchise. Franchise owners bought the rights to operate NYF in different locations. NYF will then get upfront fee and monthly royalty, NYF also encourages franchisees to open more stores by giving refunds for the next five stores opened. Currently there are more than 190 NYF stores in six countries, Canada, Hong Kong, Macau, United Arab Emirates, and South Korea, with sales in excess of $64 million (Prashad, 2011). This paper will analyze about the reason why South Korea and Australia market failed; lack of funding, poor business skills, and unable to follow the standard, and furthermore I will touch briefly on the motivation for franchising and what NYF need to do before entering new market in India and China. There are three main reasons why Australia and South Korea failed to meet NYF expectation, which are, lack of funding, poor business skills, and unable to follow company’s standard. One of the biggest mistakes is when Gould underestimates the importance of fund. Often time people make mistake into thinking that having enough money to buy the right to franchise is enough, when in reality it is not. The reason being slow starting growth, competitors and unexpected event might easily drain the costs of franchising. Furthermore, the Australian franchisee did not have enough funds to open at a strategic location where market is easily available. This cause consumer to prefer other fast food competitor at a convenient and strategic place. Secondly, poor business skill can cause major problem. Often people prefer franchisee because it is a proven system with all the training and support from the headquarters. However, franchisees have to keep in mind that franchising is one of the types of business. Thus, like every other business, it requires the managers to have a good people skill, marketing, strategic plans, and also experiences. Without theses any business will fail. South Korea franchisee lack these qualities and resulting in a poor growth. In addition to it, South Korea franchisee also need a lot of support and time from the head quarters which often will be costly for the headquarter. In the end NYF business involve people; if the manager does not manage its employees properly, employee will be demotivated which will lead to high turnover ratio. In addition to it although NYF has its brand equity, managers need to actively come up with strategic plans to improve their standing in the local market as well. Third, unable to follow the standard of the parent company is the worst outcome of franchising. By franchising, franchisee receive brand equity of NYF, thus customer expect the same food and services that are being served at any other NYF branch. However, if the franchisee does not follow the standard, quality served will be different and resulting in customer’s dissatisfaction. Worst, this might affect the company’s image in general. Both Australian franchisee and the first South Korean franchisee lack this quality as well. Franchising is a good way of Internationalization for NYF. Company becomes international in scope for many reasons: continued growth, domestic market saturation, potential foreign market, and many more. Franchising is a good way of internationalization because it can act as additional source of income, lessen risk compare to opening a wholly-owned branch in another country, smaller central organization, and maintaining a more cost effective labor. Although there are few disadvantages as well such as cost for training and support of the franchisees, risk of having their company’s image being broken by the misfit of their franchisees, franchisors has to disclose confidential information which will be risky if franchisees decide to open a new company, and pressure from franchisees to change certain policies. However, looking at the success of NYF franchising, I think that the benefits of franchising actually outweigh the disadvantages of franchising. However, there are certain things to be considered before NYF decide to expand their business in India and China. A few considerations that worth noting are conducting market research and finding the right franchisee with good business skills. Market research include finding the right target market, income distribution, and its culture. For example China and India are a strong culturist countries, so there is high possibility that NYF might not attract many consumer if localization is not done. Furthermore, the case also stated that there are many western quick-service restaurants that had a hard time in adjusting their menu to regional taste preferences across China. So, I don’t think NYF will attract many customers without changing its menu to meet the criteria of Chinese population. For India, western quick-service restaurants are relatively new to Indian customer so there is probability that local market will not consume the product directly, plus Indian does not consume beef. However, it all comes down to whether or not NYF will take the risk and the above problems may also be solve if NYF is able to find franchisees with good management skills to avoid failure like in Australia and South Korea. In conclusion, NYF has becoming more stable in its franchising business. However continuing to expand internationally need to be considered properly as well. NYF has to make the right decision if they decide to expand its market to China and India while at the same time maintaining its quality and avoiding failure like in the past. Even though if NYF decide to open new stores in India and China, they should do a thorough research on its market because rush decision might result in a failure. With this being said, NYF should focus more on South Korea and Australia market as well, because NYF has had experiences and by adjusting its past mistakes there might be significant growth in the future. References

Renewable Energy Essay Example

Renewable Energy Essay Topic Canada should subsidize renewable energy options such as wind and solar power in order to increase the share of renewables in Canada’s energy balance. Introduction Canada government subsidizes a number of socially beneficial services, including health care, education and energy services. Subsidies to the energy sector mainly are for oil and gas production, however, they are not all socially beneficial[figure 1]. In fact, they have negative impact for the environment and hinder developments of environmentally friendly alternative energy options. Indeed, Canada’s implementation of the Kyoto Protocol is seriously threatened by continued government support for oil and gas production, a sector with large and rapidly growing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions[1]. There are two main reasons for us to switch to renewable energy. First, there are exhaustible supply of alternatives, non-renewable energy; Second, the earth’s limited assimilative capacities[2]. Benefits Increase usage of renewable energy sources will provide a wide range of benefits to Canada’s environment, economy and society. There are some important reasons why Canada government should support the development of renewable energy technologies. Renewable energies are environmental friendly, they do not contribute to climate change, air pollution, acid deposition, or large-scale habitat destruction, and they do not face the safety and waste disposal issues characteristic of nuclear power[2]. For example, such as biomass, it simply releases the CO2 and absorbs back when their feedstock is growing, so the net effect on the atmosphere is zero. We will write a custom essay sample on Renewable Energy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Renewable Energy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Renewable Energy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In contrast, the combustion of fossil fuels release greenhouse gases to the ozone and contribute to climate change by affecting the composition of our atmosphere. The National Center for Atmospheric Research conclude, there is no doubt that the composition of the atmosphere is changing because of human activities, and today greenhouse gases are the largest human influence on global climate[2]. Canada has unlimited supply of widely available renewable energy resources, like solar and wind. Renewable energy technologies can be implemented cost-effectively in a number of applications, including solar water heating, space heating and cooling with heat pumps, passive solar design, micro-hydro electricity generation and remote power generation with solar and wind technologies[2]. Renewable energy sources can also help to diversify Canada’s energy portfolio – an important consideration, as Canada’s carbon-intensive economy will become a liability with the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol[2]. Renewable energy sources are the fastest growing energy sources in the world – the quantity of electricity produces by wind and solar power globally has increased by 20% and 16% per year, respectively, in the 1990s[2]. Costs With government’s subsidies we are able to implement more renewables projects. However, the subsidies come from higher taxes now or in the future, because people engage in activities to avoid taxation, the cost of the tax exceeds the revenue yielded by the tax, this is known as deadweight loss[figure 2]. Deadweight loss is wasteful but they are an unavoidable part of any kind of government subsidies, unless the subsidy is use to correct a market failure. Government subsidy will increase public spending and reduce the net benefit of the subsidy. Switch to renewable energy also have a huge impact on the labour market. Whether renewable energy generates more jobs or destroys current jobs, it depends on the labour intensity. Many green jobs are substitutes for existing jobs, an increase in electricity generation from wind, solar, or biomass will substitute for energy from coal-fire plan, which in turn will reduce employment in coal mining and processing[3]. The labour intensity for renewable energy is much higher in the renewable energy sector[4]. High labour requirement can be beneficial and problematic. It is obvious that higher labour requirement is beneficial because it will tend to increase employment. However, it can also be problematic because it confuses an end (goods and services valued by consumers) with a means (labour)[3]. Increase in energy price will cause price distortion and result of inefficient production in the market, it tend to reduce consumers and producers’ net benefit, and it lead a higher production cost to domestic goods, which will become more costly to compete in the world market. Policy Implication In case to shift Canada’s energy balance toward renewable energy without externalities, we need government’s actions. One possible way is to raise tax on the amount of carbon emitted to the atmosphere. If taxes are appropriately calculated, they can help raise the marginal costs of producers of non-renewable energy to equal the social and environmental costs that their activities create. Countries such as Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Finland, Switzerland and the Netherlands have already adopted carbon taxes[3]. Sweden, for example, raises US$1 billion per year from its carbon tax and approximately US$10 billion per year in energy taxes, some of which is part of a â€Å"tax shift† that goes to help develop renewable energy[3]. Paul Anderson, the CEO of a major carbon-dioxide emitting power company in US, he said â€Å"reducing greenhouse gases has become a worldwide political and social imperative†¦ It is an imperative where American leadership is not just needed; American leadership is required. †[3] Barriers There are several barriers before Canada is ready to increase renewables in its energy share. The main barrier is that Canada governments have not yet been willing to make a long-term commitment. They have for the most part failed to implement any significant policies to encourage the development of renewable energy in Canada[5]. From figure 3 we can tell that our federal government reacted to two energy crises by spending more money on non-renewable energy. In total, it spends $40. 4 billion on non-renewable energy and only $0. 2 billion on renewable energy. This failure to act ignores the fact that many other energy sources developed in Canada have received significant government support. Canada’s oil sands, off-shore oil and nuclear industries would not exist today had federal and provincial governments not provide generous research and development support as well as significant direct financial contribution, low-interest loans, loan guarantees, or special tax treatment to the implementation of specific projects[4]. As the International Energy Agency notes, â€Å"renewable energy can play a much bigger role and the pace of installation can be accelerated†¦ but that will occur only if renewable energy gets the same policy advantages that conventional fuels have received and continue to receive. [6] Without new federal and provincial government support, the Canadian renewable energy industry is unlikely to expand significantly beyond current level[5]. Conclusion Energy is the lifeblood of the economy. The result of scientific assessments around climate change and other environmental issues it has recently become clear that the environmental impacts associated with conventional energy sources will necessitate a shift to cleaner and less carbon-intensive renewable energy technologies[5]. The benefits from shifting to renewable energy are far more than the costs; it is also Pareto Improvement for our society as a whole. U. S President Obama said â€Å"to truly transform our economy, protect our security, and save our planet from the ravages of climate change, we need to ultimately make clean, renewable energy the profitable kind of energy †.

George Washington Father of a Nation essays

George Washington Father of a Nation essays George Washington: Father of a Nation A desolate wind swept over the American encampment at Valley Forge. Freezing temperatures and blinding snow storms accompanied by heartbreaking defeats had taken their toll on these young freedom fighters. The cry for freedom could no longer be heard over hunger pains and the freezing wind. One lone figure could be seen walking through the camp trying to re-ignite that fire in his dwindling troops who were huddled together for warmth. We can only wonder what words of encouragement George Washington told his men to keep their hopes alive that long hard winter of 1778. Whatever they were, they held an army together and inspired a young nation to go on and defeat the greatest power in the world at that time. Is it any wonder why the United States capital, a State, and hundreds of small towns and counties across the country are named in honor of one of the greatest men in our nations history, George Washington. Born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, George Washington began his life on the family estate along the Potomac River. When George was a young boy he loved going to the home of his half brother Lawrence, a house called Mount Vernon. Lawrence had named the house and its farm, Mount Vernon, after his commanding officer, Admiral Edward Vernon of the British Navy. After the death of his father when he was only 11, Washington moved to Mount Vernon where his brother acted like a second father. George was privileged to grow up in Virginias higher society and was able to attend school unlike many children of that day. His last two years in school were devoted to engineering, geometry, trigonometry, and surveying. At age sixteen, in 1748, he was appointed a public surveyor. According to one authority, he was "engaged to survey these wild territories for a doubloon a day, camping out for months in the forest, in peril from Indians and squatters." A...

Issues associated with Environmental regulatory control for ship Essay

Issues associated with Environmental regulatory control for ship operators - Essay Example e effectiveness of the implementation of the cleaner environmental ship operation practices and the adoption of greener technologies will by far be influenced by a well economically-quantified environmental impact, of the shipping activities (Pandya, 2002:44). Despite the fact that the shipping industry in the modern day operates under a very complex environmental regulatory framework comprising of both domestic and international regulations, the industry has still lagged behind in effective environmental regulatory frameworks (Nyhus, 2012:85). The traditional establishment of the regulatory framework has been in a more reactive than proactive manner, where the regulations are formulated based on events and other circumstances that arise outside the industry necessitating some form of regulatory control on the shipping operations (Nyhus, 2012:85). However, the increased focus on the local and international environmental issues has resulted to a more proactive shipping operations regulation, to reduce the burden of pollution that is shipping on the environment. Shipping is regarded as the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas emission into the environment, as well as producing other emissions that are affecting the human health (Mitchell, 2001:72). The emissions from ships are known to cause major human illnesses such as cancer and a range of respiratory diseases. In addition, considering that the emissions from the ships is comprised of gaseous substances and even elements of heavy metal, the emissions from the ships has been found to be impacting negatively on the climate and the environment, through causing acid rain and eutrophication (Clarkson, 2011:7). The major problem in regard to the increasing environmental pollution by the ships emanate from the fact that the environmental effects of emissions were eliminated in the Kyoto protocol together with the aviation emissions. This made these sectors lag behind in the establishment of the comprehensive and

What are the Psychological effects of the amount of violence portrayed Research Proposal

What are the Psychological effects of the amount of violence portrayed in movies - Research Proposal Example The case of violence against a specific ethnic group shows some psychological variance with movies such as Catch a Fire or Munich since they may shift the observers political viewpoint towards the individuals against which violence is perpetrated even if such a shift is short lived (Koopman and Butler, 2007). The researchers also note that â€Å"Research to date indicates that political films have a variety of discernible short-term effects on political beliefs and attitudes, behavior and behavioral intentions, emotions, and other psychological variables (Koopman and Butler, 2007, Pg. 1)†. However, when dealing with violence and the problem of violent films, it may be possible that the effect measured is less than the effect which actually takes place. For example, if a person has existing viewpoints about a certain political thought, violence for or against that political thought may only go to heighten and reinforce the political ideas rather than weaken them (Koopman and Butler, 2007). In essence, if a violent person sees violent behavior being rewarded in a film, it may go to reinforce their ideas about violence in general whether it is sexual violence or physical violence (Malamuth and Briere, 1986). The psychological effects of watching violent films become clear when we understand that individuals who habitually watch violent movies may be more likely to be violent with their peers and exhibit the same the kinds of behaviors even when their social conflicts could be resolved without violence (Bandura et. al., 1963). The same can be said to be true of sexual aggression since a viewer who sees violent sexual portrayals repeatedly may be more likely to enact them in his/her real life. The association between sexual arousal and violence may become a cue for some individuals to readily make violence a part of sexual arousal (Malamuth and Briere, 1986). Of course,

Impact of Current Lifestyle Choice on Healthcare Services

Impact of Current Lifestyle Choice on Healthcare Services 2.3 Impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care services According to the medical dictionary, Lifestyle is defined as The constellation of habitual activities unique to a person, which lend consistency to activities, behaviour, manners of coping, motivation, and thought processes, and defines the way in which he/she lives; lifestyle activities include diet, level of physical activity, substance abuse, social and personal interaction. Factors like the advanced technologies, globalization of trade, urbanization, et al, are beneficial and lead to positive outcomes but at the same time we can talk about negative effects on population, bringing up sedentary life patterns und unhealthy dietary patterns, an increase in the consumption of tobacco, alcohol or the use of illegal drugs. To be healthy, is one of the fundamental rights of every human being, therefore to reach the highest possible health standards, a holistic approach is required, that goes behind the traditional curative care, involving everyone from stakeholders, providers and least b ut not last, communities. Healthy Lifestyle choices from an early age are recognised to have a positive impact on the needs and health for Social Care at the stage when people are getting older, hypothetically a choice of lifestyle can be considered an investment for the future. Grossman model analysis for The demand of health in one of the Pub Med articles, Dev Health Econ Public Policy, 1998, rises the demand for health from the model in which health investment is seen as a consumption and as an investment good, an approach where the individual can decide his level of health, hence his life span. To begin with, an individual is granted a certain quantity of health capital, which over time is belittled, but can be replaced by investments like medical care, exercise, diet, et al. So, the level of health is not treated as an external cause but is influenced by the amount of resources the individual assigns for the production of health. As an example, educated people are likely, more efficient producers of health, hence a lower price for their capital of health is demanded. Fries (1980), suggests that the need for medical services and social care might be reduced if the outbreak of chronic diseases and disability can be put on hold. So, having as objective to reduce or postpone health problems, procedures to modify or change unhealthy lifestyle factors at an early stage in life, were winning a significant attention in the current researches. The level of disease in the population and the skill to improve policy is seen as influencing the future demand of care. According to the Office for national Statistics 2006 the big challenge for the future is chronic disease and also a trend in long-lasting illness and disability in younger population. Therefore, the changing burden of disease associated with the ageing population is already high in the minds of policymakers. There are reports about the differences in self-reported longstanding illness by region, employment status or socio-economic group. The number of incapacity-related benefit claimants has tripl ed since 1979 and is increasing year-on-year. (Prime Ministers Strategy Unit 2005) As a summary from the Health Policy futures, is recognised that: There is a steady increase in morbidity. Most diseases in the future will be of a chronic nature and require health and social care over long episodes in time. There has also been a massive (62 per cent) growth in the number of young people with disability since 1972. Poor mental health and neurodegenerative ailments are becoming more prevalent. There are differences in self-reported health. Discrepancies in disease have implications for where care is provided and to whom in the future. Regional forms in disease shift, and effective and rightful provision of care should follow need. Health differences replicate social inequalities. Trends in equality are important predictors of future health status and areas of need for care. As indicated in the article Archives of internal medicine, an unhealthy lifestyle, is the lifestyle where a person is engaged in activities that can be harmful to ones health, like smoking, not exercising regularly enough, eating unhealthy on a regular basis and not keeping a healthy weight, alcohol consumption, et al. Alcohol consumption- recent increase of alcohol consumption reflects in the recent alcohol related deaths that has more than doubled (Office for National Statistics 2006) Smoking- In comparison with alcohol consumption the number of people smoking has decreased over time, from 45 per cent to 24 per cent. This is reflected in the drop in smoking related illnesses. (Office for National Statistics 2005) However trends like alcohol use, obesity or other lifestyle factors related to cancer can inverse these trends. Smoking is considered an activity that will directly lower the health of humans respiratory system and all related systems. According to, Centre of Disease, Control and Prevention, smoking is damaging almost all organs in our body, and increases the chance of developing lung cancer or any heart disease and will never be considered a healthy lifestyle. Diet- The phrase you are what you eat, has been around for who knows how long now. Eating well sustains a healthy body and mind, thus is not likely to be the same if someone may choose junk food over fresh vegetables but at the same time Prevention is key. According to Food Standards Agencys, 2005, there is an increase in the number of respondents of eating fruit and vegetables. Citizens cannot work to their full capacity if they are sick, and as a result the nationals safety and economic health will suffer, making it weak economically and military. As a result, this is why city, state and national governments care about their citizens to be involved with health promotion which is defined by the WHO, to increase control over their health and its determinants. Exercise- Daily exercise is seen as very important for cardiovascular health, weight, upkeep our overall health, therefore exercising regularly will help burn calories and stimulate muscle tissue. All this will lead to a better muscular structure and a much lower overall weight. Being overweight puts stress on joints and bones and at the same times increasing the risk of diabetes and heart disease. According to the National Health Services, our body weight is affected by the quality and quantity of food that a person eats as well, therefore in order to have a healthy lifestyle, healthy foods, fruit and vegetables are recommended because they contain the vitamins and minerals for all our body needs. These are example of modifiable lifestyle factors, which can be related to grave health conditions, like cancer, myocardial infarction, thus they can be related to some daily life activities at a later stage in life. All these factors will have a significant impact on the health and social care system. Evidence are suggesting that the improvement of these factors will prevent functional limitations associated with older age and will lead to a healthier and more independent way to age. (Lanz, et al. 2001) The report, Engaging with care: A vision for the health and care workforce of England, published in September 2007, is analysing the policies, directions and identifies the routes for future actions, establishing trends and challenges in identifying common grounds in health and care policy guidelines at local and national level. The aim is to empower all those involved in health, in their different roles, to influence the health and care policy and practice. It is well known that the demand for care is shaped by disease patterns, however the patterns of disease are influenced by social determinants. References: Health Policy Futures Engaging with care: a vision for the health and care workforce of England, The Nuffield Trust, paper 2, prepared by Morris Z., (2007), available at: http://www.health.jbs.cam.ac.uk/research/cuhresearch/downloads/reports/socialcontext.pdf, accessed on: 24/01/2017 Nocera S.,(1998), The demand for health: an empirical test of the Grossman model using panel data, PubMed, available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10662408, accessed on: 24/01/2017 The Free Dictionary, (2003-2017), available at: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Life-style+choice, accessed on: 24/01/2017Â  

Essay example --

Amelia Ferrari Composition 2 A. Gaffney March 13, 2014 Why You Should be in a Sport Imagine being part of a team and having a second family. Sounds pretty amazing, doesn’t it. Well it is. My dance team is seriously like my second family and I would do almost anything for anyone of them. It takes more to being in a sport than you think. Athletes have to be extremely physically fit along with a lot of other great qualities, but it’s all worth it in the end. The great feeling you get when you win. The feeling of being part of something. It feels amazing and everyone should know what that feels like. It all pays off in the end. Everyone should be in a sport at least once in their life or at least try it for a little while. Being in a sport teaches children and teenagers sportsmanship and the importance of teamwork. â€Å"Being involved in sports gives children a chance to meet kids and families in the community they wouldn't have otherwise† (Franz). It shows them how to be supportive of their teammates and how to improve upon their social skills. Hopefully, your children will get plenty of...

A key element of unfolding the story in the action movie genre Essay

Violence is a key element of unfolding the story in the action movie genre. It is used to make sense of the narrative for the audience, gradually revealing character traits as well as intentions. In summation to this violence in the action movie genre often follow certain narrative conventions; including binary oppositions, Todorov’s disequilibrium as well as open endings and linear/non-linear narratives. Movies that conform to these stereotypes are often successful, movies such as Die Hard or more censored action movies such as Logan or Deadpool which follow the binary opposition style of narrative where the protagonists aim within the movie is to â€Å"train† to eventually take down the antagonist, oppositions may include – (Good vs. evil, rich vs. poor and man vs. woman) In addition to this the listed movies follow Todorov’s theory of disequilibrium where everything is in one piece until the antagonist is introduced only then will chaos arise. However, action movies that challenge these usual narratives leave options for the audience as to how they think the movie is going to end; movies such as Avatar are examples of this. This importance of violence in action movies are reinforced and undermined in the movies I have chosen to research, these movies include; Avatar, World War Z, 300, War of the planet of the apes, Casino Royale and American Sniper. The listed movies were chosen based on my personal preference for movies whilst taking into consideration the responses that the audience has given regarding the film, I have aimed to choose films within the 15-18 age rating mark to explore to a greater extent of how violence affects narrative in the action movie genre. This essay will analyse how greatly violence affects narrative systems in action films, with particular focus on – ‘Avatar (2009), World War Z (2013), 300 (2006), War of the planet of the apes (2017), Casino Royale (2006) and American Sniper (2014), ’ concentrating on how these titles challenge or reinforce particular action narrative conventions. Regarding the aspect of time in the film, it was Todorov who stated that – â€Å"All stories are based on a change from equilibrium (where everything is in order) to disequilibrium (chaos).† This can be applied when watching Avatar, James Cameron directs the movie with the assumption that the audience knows that everything is in order. Set in the distant future where technology has vastly advanced, a cripple played by Sam Worthington gets the opportunity to explore a ‘new world’ known as Pandora to further learn about their species known as the Navie. James Cameron reinforces Todorov’s theory through Avatar. He does this through Jake Sully (Sam Worthington) who starts learning about the Navie, gradually bonding with their kind, only to be stopped by his commander who seeks to attack the Navie for their land which holds expensive materials, resulting in the Navie to lose their trust for Jake Sully. However, Cameron then challenges this theory by having Jake Sully fill the position of the hero in the film entitling him with the role of a proper protagonist in an action movie as he goes against his commander to save the Navie and the woman he has fallen in love with. The importance of time for narrative can be highlighted by the view that – â€Å"Time can be subverted, altering the story and its effect on the viewer.† This can be applied to Avatar as the main protagonist in the movie enters Pandora through a machine which morphs the conscience from his body into an alternative Avatar body. These scenes are shown to the audience multiple times within the film and are presented in the form of some sort of dream to make a clear distinction between the time in the ‘real world’ and Pandora. Regarding the plot and story of Avatar James Cameron uses violence to clearly illustrate to the audience the binary oppositions within the film, using different genres of music when a ‘good’ or ‘bad’ character appears on the screen as well as using non-diegetic voice-overs of Jake Sully with the intentions of making him appear as an ‘underdog’ sort of character who is rising up and finding a purpose in his life. In summation to this, different shot types are used to highlight certain characters dominance – evidence of this can be seen from when Jake Sully is presented in a worm’s eye view type of shot despite him being a cripple, a sense of nobility is being expressed. It was Jacques Derrida that stated that â€Å"binary pairs were never equal.† He further went on to claim that within any particular culture, one ‘side’ of each binary pair tended to be valued or judged in a more privileged light. This idea is con firmed heavily in Avatar painting the Navie to be a good force and the military/scientists to be the enemy attempting to steal the Na vie’s land and even kill them if they stand in their way. Whether or not violence is important for narrative in the action movie genre, can be further answered by decomposing the movie; World War Z. Marc Forster places Gerry Lane high up on a podium presenting him to the audience to be a strong, brave and heroic protagonist, this is done through the use of backstory given to his character in the movie. Using the information that Forster gives the audience we learn that Lane has a motive for what he is doing and why he is doing it- we as an audience come to learn that he wants to protect his family and the other people close to him all whilst bearing the hopes of the world on his shoulders. With further reference to the plot as a narrative, Bordwell and Thompson stated; â€Å"All we have before us is the plot – the arrangement of material in the film as it stands. We create the story in our minds on the basis of cues in the plot.† This is reinforced in World War Z as it follows a linear narrative but leaves the option open for an open ending in which the audience can ponder on a possible ending for the movie, various situations in the movie allow the audience to do this; the idea is further supported through violence as seen in the opening three minutes of the film where multiple disasters are presented to the audience through a ‘news broadcast’ format, which is used for authenticity and to give the viewer an idea of what the current state of the world is. An example of this further being enforced can be seen during the first action scene that we see in the film, a state of confusion and uneasiness is created by Lane and his wife’s reaction to hearing about the – â€Å"sudden outbreak of rabies† on the radio, this develops into a state of panic when we begin to see everyone running to safety; trampling over people and even going as far as to run over people. The unintentional violence shown here is purposefully added by Foster in an attempt to connote the level of threat in the current situation and how serious it is. In summation to this, this scene can be compared to a later action scene in the film which takes place in Jerusalem; in this case the audience is left to wonder what the outcome of the battle is going to be, Forster doesn’t give the audience an opportunity to easily pick an ending of the scene; he structures the film in a way which presents the antagonists in a superior sense – as seen from the many scenes where the antagonist have the upper hand on the main characters in the film. The scene in Jerusalem shows an injured soldier on the floor with a wound on her arm is an example of this, Lane is presented to the audience in an over the shoulder shot moaning in pain whilst he attempts to console her. Despite this the audience could have conflicting ideas for who would prevail due to characters such as Lane in the film being presented as heroes as seen from his elevated status when he is consoling the soldier, making him the dominant figure in that particular shot. In summation to this, the various triumphs and escapes that the characters make the infected humans support the protagonists prevailing. With regards to the narrative that violence adds in these two scenes, it is clear that violence is important when taking into account the audience’s interpretation of how the next scene will turn out, Foster uses violence as a key element throughout the film to leave the audience sceptical as to what is going to happen to Lane next. In conclusion, I believe that it can be seen from the evidence above that violence is important for narrative in the action movie genre, supporting this would be how violence presents the audience with a binary opposition which ultimately sets the story and plot of the film; violence also reveal certain character traits to the audience and presents them in various lights. However, it can also true that violence is not the key element for narrative in the action movie genre.

Jamaica And The United States - 1529 Words

Jamaica and The United States Ever wondered why Jamaica is in debt and why the United states isn’t, all of this had to have happen by something. The English used the slaves to benefit themselves by growing cash crops to sell to England, over 300 years of England’s control Jamaica gained its independence on August 6, 1962. Jamaica didn’t have enough time to build a strong economy after independence, so they took a loan from the IMF (International monetary fund) which had certain restrictions on what to do with the money, this was their downfall. The IMF demanded Jamaica to spend to a limited amount on education and health, devalue Jamaica’s currency, this doesn’t solve anything because it hurts the future of†¦show more content†¦How does the differentiation of economic geography between Jamaica and the U.S affect the country. The U.S has way more land more land the Jamaica, which means it has more resources than Jamaica and it also says the U.S produces more than Jamaica because they have more workers and the U.S has ports so it s easy for trading in and out of the country. Jamaica is smaller than the U.S so they produce less and they don’t have as much of land than the U.S so they don’t have as much resources which sets them below the U.S and they use tourism as a resource to help with the economy. The U.S has more than three hundred million people which helps with increasing the economy, people have a high literacy rate which is ninety-nine percent so people know what to do, .7% of labor force is in agriculture so most of the population in tertiary or secondary activities which is more valuable than agriculture,15.1% is poverty but they have most of the population working and last has 2.347 trillion imports so they don’t have to work about running out of resources. Jamaica has a population of about three million which is nothing compared to the U.S, people have a literacy rate or eighty - nine pe rcent so they are fair educated but education isn’t important for Jamaica, seventeen percent is in agriculture so the country kind of relies on agriculture, 16.5%